HISTORY of
ISTANBUL

8500 A grave that was 8,500 years old was found at the Yenikapı excavations.

685 Colonists from Argos, Korint and Megara settled in Chalcedon [Kadıköy] and established the city there.

668 Byzas, the legendary leader of Megara, is considered to have established Byzantium.

6500 Fikirtepe Culture started to develop on the eastern side of the Bosphorus.

6500 Yenikapı settlement started to be established on the western side of the Bosphorus.

510 Persians seized and raided the city of Byzantium.

478/477 Byzantium was under the hegemony of the Spartan Commander Pausanias for seven months.

478/477 Byzantium became a member of Attika-Delos Maritime Union with the encouragement of Athens.

440/439 Byzantium went from the Attika-Delos Maritime Union to Athens.

412 Although Byzantium and Chalcedon attempted to separate from the Attika-Delos Maritime Union, they did not show much resistance to Athens and continued to be allies with them and pay taxes.

411 Byzantium was under the hegemony of the Spartans as a result of the strengthening of supporters of the oligarchy.

409/408 Byzantium and Chalcedon were forced to ally with Athens again by the Commander Alkibiades from Athens.

405 The Spartan Commander Lysandros ended the administration that supported Athens. He established the oligarchy regime that was loyal to Sparta.

403 The tyranny of the Spartan Commander Klearkhos started in Byzantium.

387 Byzantium became autonomous with the Antalkidas Treaty between the Helens and Persians, and Chalcedon entered under Persian rule.

378 Byzantium became a member of the Second Attika -Delos Maritime Union again.

363 Upon Byzantium’s close relations with Thebai, whose strength grew in the region, Athens captured the city by force of arms and continued the alliance.

355 Byzantium separated from the Attika-Delos Maritime Union with the approval of Athens.

354-353 Byzantium expanded their land through military manoeuvres and political unions/dual citizenship [sympoliteia] contracts with Selymbria [Silivri] and Perinthos [Marmara Ereğlisi].

340/339 The Macedonian King Philip II surrounded Byzantium; however, Byzantium was able to remove the blockade with the help of its old allies.

278 Byzantium was attacked and destroyed by the people of Galat.

266 The Seleucid King Antiochus I and his allies surrounded Byzantium.

251 The Seleucid King Antiochus II embarked on an expedition to Byzantium with his fleet.

202 The Macedonian King Philip II separated Chalcedon from the union founded by Aitos by force, and took them under his rule.

147 Byzantium formed an alliance with Rome with the title of ally city.

146 Byzantium formed an alliance with Rome with the title of ally city.

129 Byzantium fulfilled its liabilities towards Rome during the suppression of the Aristonikos Uprising, which lasted 4 years.

101 Byzantium fulfilled its liabilities towards Rome during the wars against pirates and the Mithridatic Wars.

41-54 Byzantium started paying taxes to Rome during the period of Emperor Cladius.

73 Byzantium lost its autonomy and it became a part of the Bithynia-Pontus state of the Roman Empire.

117 Roman rule in Byzantium became firm.

123 The construction of waterways and water facilities to bring water from Thrace started.

194-196 During the struggle for throne between Septimus Sévèrus and Pescennius Niger (the Roman Civil War) the city was destroyed completely.

197 Emperor Septimus Sévèrus won the three-year struggle, started a public welfare movement and expanded the city walls. The renewed city was called “Augusta Antonina” in honor of the emperor’s son. However, this situation only lasted as long as Septimus Sévèrus was alive and the city was called Byzantium as of 211.

203 The construction of the Hippodrome began.

258-269 Byzantium was subject to Goth and Herulian attacks.

312 During the struggle for throne between Maximinus and Licinius, the city was destroyed.

313 Byzantium soon became a part of the eastern half of the Roman Empire under Licinius’s rule.

318 The first known synagogue of Istanbul was established in the district of Halkoprateia [Bakırcılar].

324.09.18 Constantine won the Hrisopolis (Üsküdar) War between the Western Emperor Constantine and Eastern Emperor Licinius.

324.11.01 Constantine I started public improvement works in order to make Byzantium the new capital.

328 The Column of Constantine [Çemberlitaş] was erected.

330 Binbirdirek (Filoksenus) Cistern was built.

330.05.11 In honor of its founder, the official opening of the city named Constantinople, was held and the city was declared the new capital of the Roman Empire.

332.05.15 Emperor Constantine started the distribution of food (bread) and aid (annona) in Istanbul.

336 The first church council convened in Constantinople.

337 The construction of the Church of the Holy Apostles, which was the first Christian sanctuary, was completed.

356 Relics of saints were put in the Church of the Holy Apostles.

358.08.24 Earthquake caused the destruction between Beyazıt and Aksaray, and the patriarch of İzmit (Nikomēdia) was trapped under the rubble. Thousands of people died due to the fire that started after the earthquake and lasted for 5 days.

360.02.15 The first church services began in the location of the Hagia Sophia.

362.06.17 The Emperor’s approval through the city council became mandatory to be able to start teaching.

363.06.28 Julian Port came into service.

365.07.21 by an earthquake caused tsunami.

369 Goths attacked the city but they could not seize it.

373 The construction of the Bozdoğan arches was completed.

381 Emperor Theodosius banned Arianism in accordance with the council’s decisions and the 3rd Law of the Council placed Constantinople in second place in the church hierarchy after Rome.

381.05 The Second Ecumenical Council convened in Istanbul (The first one was in Iznik in 325). The council chose Nektarius as the first Constantinople patriarch.

382 The first monastery in Constantinople, Dalmatou Monastery, was established by a Syrian monk, Saint Isaac.

388 The Palace of the Patriarch was burned down by Arianists.

390 5 towers and the Golden Gate (Triumphal Arch) were built in Yedikule.

390 The Column [Obelisk] of Theodosius I was erected.

391.02.24 Theodosius banned all kinds of sacrificial ceremonies and worship in pagan temples.

393 Forum Tauri, which was the biggest square of Byzantium, was built and decorated with statues.

401 The Bosphorus and the Golden Horn were frozen for 20 days.

401 Arcadius Column was erected for the memory of the slaughter of Gainas of the Goth descent.

404.06 The Senate building and Megale Ekklesia (The Big Church) were burned down.

407.04.01 There was an earthquake in the Marmara Sea followed by heavy rain and floods.

412-414 A large part of the land walls was built.

415 The relics of Saint John Chrysostom were brought to Constantinople.

415.10.10 The Grand Church was repaired and opened for worship.

421 The construction of the decoration of the column and square that had begun in 401 and was called Forum Arcadii was completed (the column is known as the Forum Theodosii for the honour of the emperor of the time, Theodosius II).

421 Aetius Cistern [Karagümrük] was built.

425.03.27 The first Byzantine university (Auditorium) was opened.

437.09.25 Earthquake caused destruction and some parts of the city walls collapsed.

438 Theodosius II compiled the edicts of previous emperors in complete works called Codex Theodosianus.

439 The construction of the internal city walls was completed.

447.01 An earthquake caused the destruction of a section of the city walls. However, the Hun threat led to the repair of the city walls in a very short time.

447.09.25 Houses, churches and some monuments collapsed during the earthquake.

450 The Jewish synagogue in Chalkoprateia was turned into a church by Theodosius II.

451 The first column maker Saint Daniel settled in Rumelihisarı where he remained until his death in 493.

451.10 The dyophysite interpretation that was based on the dual nature of Jesus (mortal and divine) was accepted at the Kadıköy Council where 600 ecclesiastics were present.

451.11.01 With the 28th Law, which was adopted in the last session of the Council of Kadıköy, the patriarchs of the states of Pontus, Asia and Thrace would be appointed by the Constantinople Patriarch. Therefore, Constantinople became equal in rank with Old Rome in terms of the church hierarchy.

454 Agios Ioannes Studios Monastery Church (Imrahor Ilyas Bey Masjid) was constructed.

465.09.01 The fire that lasted 4 days and spread from Kadırga to Kumkapı caused huge destruction and Julian Port burned down.

469 A port was built in Beşiktaş.

470 The Goth Commander Aspar had a cistern constructed next to Sultan Selim Mosque and the cistern was named after him.

475 Many buildings, including Lausus Palace that contained an extensive library, burned down in a fire.

478.09 Constantinople’s city walls and many houses collapsed due to earthquake centered in İzmit (Nikomēdia). There were casualties.

483 Marcian Column [Kıztaşı] and the Gilded Gate in Yedikule were damaged in an earthquake.

487.09.26 Hagia Irene and Mary churches were damaged in an earthquake.

499 Mocius Cistern was built.

512.11.05 General Vitalianus’s riot turned into a conflict between dyophysites and monophysites.

512.11.06 The area between Khalke and Constantine Forum burned down.

525.10.04 Houses and churches collapsed in an earthquake that lasted 4 days. The statues of Theodosius I and Arcadius were damaged.

527 The Antioch Patriarch died in an earthquake that happened in Istanbul during his visit.

529 Justinian issued an edict banning pagans, Jews and heretics from education. Pagan education was banned.

532 The construction of a new building in the place of the Grand Church began.

532.01.13 The city was destroyed in the Nika Riots, the Grand Church was set on fire and thousands of people died.

534 A legal compilation called Corpus Iuris Civilis was completed.

535 A public judge who was responsible for the security of the city and equipped with extensive authority was appointed to the office.

536 Hagia Sergius and Bacchus Church (the Small Hagia Sophia), the construction of which began in 527 as opened for worship.

537.12.27 The church that was built again for the third time was named Hagia Sophia (Sacred Wisdom) and opened for worship in a ceremony.

541-542 A significant portion of the population died due to the plague that affected Constantinople.

542 The Basilica Cistern was constructed.

542.08.16 Buildings and churches collapsed in an earthquake and some city walls collapsed.

553.05. The Fifth Ecumenical Council (Constantinople II) convened.

554.08 Houses, churches and some parts of the city walls collapsed in an earthquake.

557.12.14 Almost all of the houses were demolished in an earthquake that caused destruction particularly in the region of Bakırköy. Many people lost their faith due to the terror caused by the disaster.

558.05.07 The Hagia Sophia’s dome collapsed due to the earthquake.

561.10 As a result of the spread of the fire around the Imperial Palace, buildings, orphanages, Julian Port, the Bovis Port and Theodosius Forum burned down.

562.12.24 The dome of the Hagia Sophia, which had been rebuilt by Isidore, was completed.

565-578 Hagios Pantaleinon Leper’s Lodge was constructed near Yuşa Hill.

583.05.10 People who took refuge in churches due to an earthquake could not go out for several days.

602 A riot in Constantinople and the overthrow of Maurice resulted in the declaration of Phocas as emperor.

603 Praefectus’s house, Constantine Forum and the Hippodrome region were damaged in a fire in the area between Mese Street and Lausus Palace.

610 Heraclius surrounded Constantinople and became the emperor after overthrowing Phocas.

611 Houses and some monumental buildings were demolished between Çemberlitaş and Edirnekapı in an earthquake.

616 The Sassanian General Shahin had a camp in Kadıköy.

618 The food aid (annona) for people that had been in practice since 332 ended.

626 Saint Nicholas Church in Blakhernai was damaged.

626 The Sassanians and the Avars began negotiating for cooperation in front of Constantinople. Sassanians surrounded the Kadıköy-Üsküdar region.

626.07.31 The Avars laid siege on Istanbul; the siege ended on 13 August.

627 The city wall of the Blakhernai region was built.

667 The Umayyads, under the command of Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan laid siege on Istanbul.

669 The Umayyads ended the siege.

674-678 The Muslim Arabs laid siege on the city for a second time. During the siege, Romans developed a combat tool called the Greek fire.

680.11.07 The Fourth General Council convened in Istanbul (ending on 16 September 681).

698 Leontios, who was defeated by the Arabs, was overthrown and the Navy Commander Tiberius III was proclaimed emperor.

715 An earthquake with a magnitude of 9 took place in Istanbul and Iznik.

716.08 Muslim Arabs laid siege on the city for the third time.

717 The Arab Mosque, which was Istanbul’s first mosque, was built.

717-718 Thousands died due to the plague, the population of the city decreased.

726 As a result of an earthquake that took place in the Aegean islands, Emperor Leo III had the Jesus icon that hung on the Khalke Door of the Great Palace removed. Therefore, the movement of iconoclasm began.

732 There was a very strong earthquake.

739 The Bosphorus froze due to cold weather.

740 Statues on Arcadius Column were demolished when the column was struck by lightning.

740.10.26 The city walls as well as many churches and thousands of houses were demolished by the Marmara earthquake.

746-747 Thousands of people died due to the plague.

755 The Golden Horn and the Black Sea shores froze.

763 The ice from the Black Sea formed an iceberg in the Bosphorus.

764 The repair of the Valens aquaduck, demolished by the Avars, started.

781-782 The Abbasids laid siege on Istanbul, seized Galata but lifted the siege in return for tributes.

786.07.31 Empress Irene convened the general council in Haigoi Apostoloi (Church of the Holy Apostles) Church with the aim of re-introducing worship with icons.

787.10.23 The movement of iconoclasm ended.

790.02.09 A strong earthquake took place.

813 The Bulgarian King laid siege on Istanbul.

813 A second city wall that surrounded Blakhernai city wall from the outside was built.

815 The strong earthquake that affected the region of Thrace resulted in destruction.

820.12.25 Emperor Leo V was killed during a religious ceremony at the Hagia Sophia Church.

821-823 The Slav army under Thomas’s command laid siege on Constantinople.

860.06.18 Russians who came to Istanbul with a big fleet started raiding the city.

862 Buildings and monuments were demolished in the earthquake.

864 Russians laid siege on Istanbul from the sea but had to retreat due to storms.

867.09.24 Emperor Michael was assassinated; the Macedonian Dynasty period, known as the golden era started with Basil I ascending the throne.

869-870 The Abbasid army laid siege on Istanbul.

869.01.09 Half of the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapsed due to quakes which lasted 40 days. Many other churches were damaged.

869.10.05 The Fourth Istanbul Council and the Seventh Catholic Ecumenical Council convened.

904 The Russians laid siege on the city for the second time.

913 The Bulgarian Ruler Simeon laid siege on Istanbul.

922 Mirelaion Monastery Church (Bodrum Mosque) was built.

924 The Bulgars laid siege on Istanbul once more.

927-928 The Bosphorus entrance to the Black Sea froze due to the cold weather.

941 Russians attacked the city but they were defeated with the help of the Greek fire.

950 Constantine Column (The Walled Column) and Constantine Palace (Palace of the Sovereign) were constructed.

951.10 The Russian Queen came to Istanbul. This visit expedited the development of the Byzantine church in Russia.

959 Hungarians came to the city walls; however, they were repelled by the Byzantine army.

963.08.16 Nikephoros II Phocas, who was proclaimed emperor in Caeserea, came to Istanbul.

969.12.10 Emperor Nikephoros was assassinated.

989.10.25 More than 40 churches collapsed or were severely damaged. The central dome of the Hagia Sophia was split in half.

989.10.26 The majority of buildings were demolished in the earthquake in the Marmara Region and the Balkans. The western dome of the Hagia Sophia collapsed.

996.01.01 The law that allowed the right to object to unjust wealth was issued.

1010.01-03 Many churches and monasteries collapsed in an earthquake; some of their walls cracked.

1031 The Virgin Mary Peribleptos Monastery Church (Sulu Monastery) was built.

1040.08.06 The port and all of the ships in the port were burned down.

1043 Russians laid siege on Istanbul for the third time.

1047 Leo Tornikios laid siege on Constantinople.

1054.07.16 The Catholic Church, which was based in Rome, and the Orthodox Church, based in Istanbul, were separated.

1063.10.22 An earthquake caused damage in the city.

1081.04.01 Commander Alexios Komnenos’s troops raided the city for 3 days and seized power.

1082 Venetians who benefited from customs exemptions gained property in the vicinity of Bahçekapı.

1086 Religious and civilian buildings were damaged in the earthquake.

1089 Latin churches were allowed to re-open under the efforts of Pope Urbanus.

1090.1091 Patzinaks who came to terms with the ruler of Izmir, Çaka, surrounded Istanbul by land and sea.

1096 The First Crusades came to Istanbul and the crusaders raided the shoreline of the city.

1097.04.02 Sudden Crusades attack from the neighborhood of Blakhernai Palace causing panic in the city.

1120.01 Around 10,000 buildings were reduced to ashes in a fire.

1136 Pantokrator Monastery [Zeyrek Mosque] and Hospital were established.

1162 The Turkish ruler Kılıçarslan II, who had signed a peace treaty with Emperor Manuel, stayed in Istanbul for 3 months as a guest.

1185-1195 Isaac II had Tessares Marchyrs Hospital built on Mese [Divanyolu] street.

1203.06.24 Crusades anchored their ships offshore around Yeşilköy and entered from the Golden Horn.

1204.04.13 Istanbul was seized by crusader.

1222 The Bosphorus and the Golden Horn froze.

1231.03.11 Houses, sanctuaries and city walls were partly demolished in the earthquake.

1261.07.25 Michael Palaiologos VIII seized the throne, ended Latin rule and formed his own dynasty.

1265.08.10 As the sea rose with strong quakes, the shoreline was flooded.

1297.07.17 A strong earthquake felt from Istanbul to Iran caused severe destruction.

1302 Osman Bey’s veterans advanced towards the Bosphorus after the Battle of Bapheus on 27 July 1302.

1303 The Genoese started erecting walls around Galata.

1309.03 A strong earthquake occurred and then a flood followed.

1329 Orhan Bey, who defeated Emperor Andronikos III in the Palekanon (Eskihisar/Gebze) War, dominated the area from Üsküdar, on the eastern side of Bosphorus, to the Black Sea.

1332.01.17 There was a tsunami after the earthquake and sea walls were demolished.

1343.10.18 Two simultaneous earthquakes caused destruction and a tsunami. The Hagia Sophia was damaged.

1346.05.19 The eastern edge of the Hagia Sophia collapsed. People interpreted this as the ill fate of the Patriarch.

1349 The Genoese started the construction of Galata Tower.

1376 Emperor Andronikos IV accepted the protection of Muslims living in Istanbul with a contract signed with Ottoman Sultan Murad I.

1391 Yıldırım Bayezid made Emperor Manuel II his vassal. A neighborhood for Muslim merchants was established in Istanbul and a qadi (Muslim judge) was appointed for their transactions.

1394 Yıldırım Bayezid laid siege on Istanbul and started a blockade which lasted 8 years.

1396 Turkish armies under the command of Yahşî Bey seized Şile.

1397 Yıldırım Bayezid intensified the Istanbul siege.

1399 Emperor Manuel II went to Europe in search of help against the Turks.

1411 Musa Çelebi laid siege on Istanbul.

1421 While thousands of people died in the plague, Emperor Manuel took refuge in Peribleptos Monastery to protect himself.

1422.06.08 The Ottoman Sultan Murad II laid siege on Istanbul.

1435 Thousands died from the plague.

1437 The Genoese attacked with their armada from the sea; however, they were unsuccessful.

1448 Many people, including the Emperor’s son, died from the plague.

1449.01.06 The last Byzantine Emperor Constantine Palaiologos XI succeeded to the throne.

1451 02.18 The Conqueror of Istanbul, Mehmed II succeeded to the throne.

1451.05.20 Turks started building the Rumelian Fortress.

1452.08.02 The construction of the fortress was completed.

1452.12.12 A messenger of Pope Nicholas V came to Istanbul, announced the cooperation of the Church at the Hagia Sophia and carried out a religious ceremony in the Roman style for the first time.

1453.05.29 Istanbul was conquered by the Turks.

1453.05.29 Istanbul was proclaimed the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

1453.06 Sultan Mehmed II ordered 5000 families to be brought to Istanbul.

1453.06.01 Hızır Bey was appointed as a qadi and Karıştıran Süleyman Bey was appointed as subaşı.

1453.06.01 The first Friday prayer was held at the Hagia Sophia.

1454 The foundations of the Eyüp Sultan Social Complexes were laid.

1454.01.06 Sultan Mehmed II appointed George Scholarius (Gennadius) as the Patriarch.

1454.04.18 A palace and a church in the southern part of the Golden Horn were given to the Venetians.

1455 A survey of Istanbul were made upon Mehmed II’s order.

1455 The Sultan’s Palace (Old Palace) was constructed in Beyazıt.

1457 Other Byzantine buildings, which were open for Muslims’ use, were transferred to the Hagia Sophia vakıfs.

1457 The construction of the palace in Süleymaniye (the Old Palace) was completed.

1459 The Eyüp Sultan Social Complexes were completed and started operating.

1459 The titles of the Istanbul, Eyüp, Galata and Üsküdar qadi were unified under one office, that of Molla Hüsrev.

1461 Cevahir Covered Bazaar (for jewelry) started operating on the orders of Mehmed II.

1461 The Armenian Patriarchate was founded.

1463.02 The construction of Fatih Mosque and complex began.

1465 The construction of Saray-ı Cedid (Topkapı Palace) began.

1467 A plague left a significant portion of the population dead.

1469 Rum Mehmet Pasha Mosque, which was the first Islamic center of worship on the Asian side, was opened.

1470.11 Saraçhane (Saddlery), which comprised of 110 stores, was built.

1470.12 The construction of Fatih Mosque and complex was completed.

1472 The Tiled Pavilion was built.

1475 The construction of the Imperial Mint was completed.

1475 Istanbul Saddlery, where artisans manufactured and sold horse-riding gear, was built.

1477 After Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha was removed from office and imprisoned, the Istanbul ulema (religious scholars) consulted the Sultan collectively and threatened to burn all of their books and leave the Ottoman lands if the pasha was not freed.

1478 The construction of the New Palace (Topkapı Palace) was completed.

1479-1481 $2he Italian painter Gentili Bellini, who was one of the Italian painters in Istanbul, painted Sultan Mehmed II and made a bronze medal that was engraved with the phrase “Great Sultan Mehmed the Emperor” (Magni Sultani Mohammeti Imperatoris).

1481 Constanzo de Ferrara, who was one of the Italian painters in Istanbul, engraved the following on a bronze medal that he prepared for Fatih Sultan Mehmed: “Byzantine Emperor the Son of Osman Sultan Mehmed (Sultan Mohammeth Octhomani ugli Bzantii Imperatoris 1481).”

1486 Panagia Monastery (Andrei en ti Krisei) was converted into a mosque.

1488 Minarets and houses were demolished in the biggest earthquake of the previous 50 years.

1489 An explosion and fire occurred when lightning struck Güngörmez Church, which was used as a gunpowder and ammunition store. It resulted in an explosion and a fire.

1491.11.15 The Galata Lodge for Dervishes was founded by Iskender Pasha.

1492 Jews who escaped from Spain began to come to Istanbul.

1493 The Jewish brothers David and Samuel ben Nahmias, who were Spanish emigrants, founded the first printing house. The law book called Arba’ah Turim by Jacob ben Asher and published on December 13, was the first product of the printing house.

1497 The construction of Atik Ali Pasha Mosque was completed.

1497 Lips Monastery was turned into Fenari Isa Mosque.

1498 The construction of Davut Pasha Palace was completed and opened.

1499 The construction of Kaptan Pasha (Hamza Fakih) Mosque was completed in Üsküdar.

1500.10.27 The foundations of Beyazıt Mosque were laid.

1501 An explosion occurred as a result of lightning striking the gunpowder storehouse, and the Grand Vizier Mesih Pasha and the judge of Galata died.

1501 A significant number of people died in a plague.

1505 The construction of Davut Pasha Mosque in Üsküdar was completed.

1505.10.13 The Beyazıt Mosque and kulliyah were opened and the first prayer was performed with the participation of Sultan Bayezid II.

1508 The construction of Selman Agha Mosque in Üsküdar was completed.

1509.09.10 The big Istanbul earthquake, also known as the Small Apocalypse (“Kıyamet-i suğrâ”), occurred.

1511 Hora Monastery was converted into Kariye Mosque.

1514 The Üsküdar Leper’s Lodge (Miskinler Lodge) was established.

1515.08.25 The covered bazaar and nearly 1000 stores around it burned down.

1517.07.15 Yavuz Sultan Selim had the Sacred Relics that belonged to the Prophet Muhammed, his Companions and other prophets brought to Istanbul.

1520 Sandal Covered Bazaar (New Covered Bazaar), where woven products were sold, was constructed.

1521.05.17 The foundations of the Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque were laid.

1522.03 In the earthquake centered in Istanbul, buildings collapsed and there were casualties.

1522.11 Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque was completed and opened.

1525.05.16 The doors and windows of Ibrahim Pasha Palace and other palaces and mansions in Atmeydanı were shattered during riots.

1527.11.04 Molla Kabız who claimed the superiority of Jesus Christ was tried at the Imperial Court and executed.

1530.06.18 Circumcision festivals for Ottoman princes lasting one month took place in Atmeydanı.

1532.11.22 Sultan Süleyman who returned from the expedition against the Habsburgs had celebrations for 5 days and nights and he inspected the market and artisans incognito.

1535 The right to open a French residential embassy was granted.

1540.02.05 There was a fire in the Old Palace in Beyazıt.

1544.05.23 The foundations of the Şehzade Mosque were laid.

1548.01.12 The construction of Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Üsküdar was completed.

1548.08 The construction of Şehzade complex was completed.

1550 The Haseki Social Complex and Hospital were established.

1550.06.18 The foundations of the Süleymaniye Mosque were laid.

1551 The drinking of coffee was open to debate with the establishment of the first coffee house in Tahtakale.

1554-1562 Mavlova arches were built.

1555-1563 Kırkçeşme waterways and facilities were constructed.

1556.05.11 A part of city walls was demolished in the earthquake and there were cracks in Hagia Sophia and Fatih mosques.

1557.04.30 Many houses and minarets were demolished in an earthquake.

1557.10.15 The Süleymaniye Mosque and complex were completed.

1559 The regulation that banned buildings exceding two stories and their encroachment onto the street was issued.

1559.06.29 The use of drip molding in the construction of houses and the construction of houses next to the city walls were banned.

1565.10.03 The establishment of residences by Christians in the vicinity of mosques was banned.

1566.01.01 Cooking and selling food in between streets were banned.

1566.11.28 The body of Sultan Süleyman I, who died in Zigetvar, was buried in Istanbul 81 days after he passed away.

1567 Tokatlı Abkar opened the first Armenian publishing house.

1568.08.01 Clothing regulations were introduced for non-Muslims.

1569.09.28 Thousands of buildings were destroyed during a fire in Jewish neighborhood.

1571 The foundations of the Atik Valide Sultan Mosque in Üsküdar were laid.

1572.04.29 Christians were banned from carrying wine in wineskins..

1573 The foundation and walls of the Hagia Sophia were strengthened and two minarets were constructed.

1573.08.23 Ebussuud Efendi, the longest serving sheikh al-Islam, died.

1574 The lighting of oil-lamps in minarets on kandil nights started.

1574.05 Kitchens, the sweets-house and sections of the cellar of the palace burned down in a fire at Topkapı Palace.

1575.09.19 The Head Astrologer Takiyüddin was granted an edict to open an observatory.

1578 The right to open residential embassies was given to Austrian ambassadors who were hosted in Elçi Hanı.

1578.02.18 The Okmeydanı Gunpowder House was established.

1580.01.21 The Istanbul Observatory was demolished.

1582.05.29 Festivals for the circumcision ceremony of Şehzade Mehmed began and lasted 40 days.

1583 England was given the right to have an embassy in Istanbul.

1583 Old Turkish Hospital that was built by Nurbanu Sultan was opened.

1583 The Atik Valide Sultan Mosque in Usküdar was completed.

1583.11.08 Saint Benoit Boys School was founded.

1589.04.02 Soldiers who rejected the payment of their salaries with debased coins had an uprising (the Beylerbeyi Incident).

1593.01.27 Cavalrymen attacked the palace claiming that there was a deficit in their salaries.

1595.01.28 The 19 sons of the sultan who were executed upon the order of Sultan Mehmed III caused a strong reaction by people.

1597.02 Yenikapı Lodge for Dervishes was founded.

1598.04.08 The foundations of the Valide Mosque (New Mosque) were laid.

1599 A part of the city walls and Fatih Mosque were damaged in the earthquakes that lasted several days.

1600.04.01 Cavalrymen rose up claiming that their salaries had been paid with debased coins.

1603 Carrying a lantern became mandatory so as to keep the streets secure at night.

1605 Tobacco arrived in Istanbul and instigated debates about smoking.

1606.05.22 There was a fire in Eminönü in the Jewish Neighborhood.

1609.10.08 The foundations of the Blue Mosque were laid.

1609.11.28 The practice of lighting oil lamps started in the month of Ramadan.

1612 Holland was given the right to open an embassy in Istanbul.

1617.06.09 The Blue Mosque was completed and opened for worshiping.

1617.09 Lighting roof ridges in the month of Ramadan started in the Blue Mosque.

1621.01-02 The area of the Bosphorus between the Golden Horn and Sarayburnu-Üsküdar froze due to cold weather.

1622 Beşiktaş (Bahariye) Lodge for Dervishes was founded.

1622.05.19 Sultan Osman II was taken around the streets and killed in Yedikule as a result of a janissary riot.

1623 Kasımpaşa Lodge for Dervishes was founded.

1623.06.06 19 Muslim judges and teachers were killed in the conflict between soldiers and ulema in Fatih Mosque (the Fatih Incident).

1625 A collective prayer took place at Okmeydanı as the number of people who died due to the plague reached 1000 per day.

1625.05.18 Houses were demolished and the walls and domes of Gül Mosque were cracked in an earthquake.

1628.10.02 Aziz Mahmud Hüdayî, the founder of the Celveti Sufi order, passed away.

1633.09.02 The area of Fatih-Unkapanı burned down in the fire of Cibali that lasted 3 days.

1633.09.16 Murad IV ordered the closure of coffee houses and banned tobacco.

1634.01.07 Sheikh al-Islam Ahîzade Hüseyin Efendi was executed after he was charged with an attempt to dethrone the Sultan.

1635.01.27 Poet Nefî was executed due to an epigram he wrote for the Grand Vizier Bayram Pasha.

1640.08.31 Galata Pier burned down in the fire of Balatkapı.

1641 The Armenian Patriarchate who served in Samatya was moved to Kumkapı and was named Surp Asvadzadzin.

1647 Sultan Ibrahim banned the use of wagons because they blocked his way when he was walking around the city.

1648.06.28 In the biggest earthquake of the last century, according to Naima, houses and sanctuaries were demolished. The dome of Atik Ali Pasha Mosque collapsed and 4,000- 30,000 people died.

1648.08.07 Friday prayer was not held and there was no sermon in Istanbul’s mosques following the overthrow of Sultan Ibrahim.

1648.10.28 Hundreds of people died in cavalrymen riots that were named the Sultanahmet Incident, which lasted 3 days.

1649.07.07 The cavalrymen riot under Gürcü Nebî was defeated in Bulgurlu (Üsküdar Battle).

1651.08.21 Artisan groups marched to the palace because of monetary readjustment and heavy taxes.

1651.09.02 Kösem Valide Sultan was killed.

1656.03.04 Stores were closed and public life came to a halt in the Çınar Incident that lasted 10 days because of the issue of ulufe (salaries paid trimonthly to certain soliders and officials).

1656.06.26 Istanbul experienced problems while the Venetians blocked the Dardanelles.

1656.07.17 Sheikh al-Islam Hocazade Mesud Efendi was executed.

1659.02.17 New and old buildings were demolished in the Aegean region and the Suleymaniye Mosque was slightly damaged in an earthquake.

1660.07.24 Two thirds of the city was burned down in Odunkapı fire.

1664.02.08 The New Mosque (Valide Mosque), whose the foundations were laid 60 years ago, was opened for worship.

1665.02.02 The former Imam Larî Mehmed Efendi, who promoted atheism, was executed.

1665.02.15 The convicts who escaped from the shipyard dungeons raided Kasımpaşa and the region of Galata and killed people.

1665.07.24 There was a fire in Topkapı Palace as a result of an arson attack next to an odalisque.

1678 Köprülü Library was founded.

1683.04.05 Thousands of buildings burned down between Odunkapı and Süleymaniye.

1688.03.18 Nearly 1500 houses and 5000 stores burned down in a fire in Balıkpazarı.

1689.06.25 Bodrum Hanı and Topkapı arches were demolished in an earthquake and the walls of Yedikule were cracked.

1690.07.11 The Domes of Fatih Mosque were cracked in the earthquake. Walls and stone buildings were demolished in Topkapı and 20 people died.

1691.01.02 The Spice Bazaar completely burned down.

1693.06.07 951 buildings burned in a fire in Cibali.

1693.09.05 4000 houses in Ayazma Gate, Fatih, Aksaray, Cerrahpaşa and the Saddlery completely burned down.

1696 St. Benoit Hospital opened in Galata.

1696.05.18 Sultan Mustafa II issued the edict of building houses from stone instead of wood in order to protect them from fires.

1701 The Imperial Gunpowder Factory started operating in Bakırköy.

1701.08.06 Priest Haçadır was arrested for his trying to convert Armenians to Catholicism. Publishing houses that distorted Armenian books were closed.

1701.08.20 The Armenian Patriarch Sahak was imprisoned for condoning the participation of Armenians in different religious ceremonies.

1701.12.04 The Grand Bazaar, Flea Market and Mercan Market burned down.

1702 Russia opened an embassy in Istanbul.

1703.07.20 There was no Friday prayer due to the claim that the incidents against the governance of Mustafa II and Sheikh al-Islam Feyzullah Efendi were unjust.

1704.06.04 The offices of impostor doctors were closed.

1708 The Çorlulu Ali Pasha complex was built.

1711.11.26 The Arcadius Column was taken down.

1715.09.15 A big part of the Old Palace burned down.

1717 Galata Tower was used in fire announcement.

1718 The Tile Factory was opened.

1718 The waterpump with a single reservoir invented by Gerçek Davud was used in Tufekhane fire.

1718.07.17 More than 50,000 houses and important religious and formal buildings burned down in the area of Unkapanı-Kocamustafapaşa-Kumkapı in Cibali fire, which lasted 72 hours.

1719.05.24 Houses were demolished in the earthquake that affected Istanbul and its vicinity. The dome of Mihrimah Sultan Mosque was cracked and there were cracks in the city walls.

1719.07.22 The area of Gedikpaşa-Kumkapı burned down.

1720 The Printing Manufacturing Shop and Painting Factory were established.

1720 The Fire Brigade was established.

1723 The Velour and Baldachin Factory was established.

1723 Büyükbent (Large Dam) was constructed in Belgrat Forest.

1725.06 Regulations banning women from wearing light color and unusually tailored clothes were issued.

1725.07.12 The height of the construction of houses was determined at 12 yards for Muslims and 9 yards for non-Muslims.

1727.09.02 An official fixed price was introduced for tulips due to an increasing demand.

1727.10 Santa Maria Church in Beyoğlu was demolished in an earthquake.

1727.12 Ibrahim Pasha Palace was heavily damaged in an earthquake.

1727.12.16 Ibrahim Müteferrika and Yirmisekizçelebizade Said Efendi started the Turkish printing house.

1729.01.31 Vankulu Dictionary was printed and was the Turkish printing house’s first work of art.

1729.07.27 One eighth of the city burned down in Balat fire.

1729.11.22 The Sultan issued a warning to the Customs Custodian Mehmed who did not abide by the order to not move his family to Istanbul.

1730.09.28 The Patrona Halil Riot began.

1730.09.29 No Friday prayer was held because it was not lawful under conditions of injustice and also no morning prayers were held.

1730.10.02 Sultan Mahmud I, who took great pains in Istanbul’s public improvement, succeeded to the throne.

1730.10.26 Patrona Halil and the heads of the riot were executed.

1731.04.08 Sultan Mahmud I wanted Albanians to be exiled from the city because they were trying to rise up in an attempt to take revenge for Patrona Halil.

1732 Taksim maksem (reservoir) was built.

1732 Bahçeköy Arch was built.

1737 Sweden was given the right to open an embassy in Istanbul.

1737 The head of the firefighters, Ali Sadık, developed the waterpump with two reservoirs to help the city with fire disasters.

1740.02.28 Paşakapısı (Bâbıâli) building burned down.

1740.04.21 The Hagia Sophia Library started serving people in a formal ceremony.

1742.05.31 Fatih Library built separately by Mahmud I was opened in a big ceremony.

1745.08 Beşir Agha Library was founded in Cağaloğlu.

1746.03.28 A paper factory was opened in Yalova.

1746.10.11 Lightning struck one of the minarets of Beyazıt Mosque during heavy rains.

1747 The plague shook the city.

1750 A stone fire tower was built in Beyazıt.

1750 Topuzlu Bent (Topuzlu Dam) was built.

1750.02.02 The areas of Vefa, Süleymaniye and Ağakapı burned down in a fire that started in Küçükpazar.

1751.07.20 Fatih Büyükkaraman fire destroyed more than 10,000 buildings.

1754 The firefighter of the Gardener Association, Mehmed Ağa, invented the suction and force pump in order to fight fires.

1754.09.02 Mosques, state buildings and some city walls were demolished. There were cracks in Hagia Sophia and the main dome of Fatih Mosque collapsed in an earthquake.

1754.09.24 Some of the main columns that supported the lined columns in the Hagia Sophia fell over in the aftershock and the number of casualties reached to 2000.

1755.01.11 The Golden Horn froze.

1755.10.29 Many official buildings, including the Sublime Porte, burned down during the Hocapasha fire, which was one of the biggest disasters in the history of Istanbul.

1755.12.05 The construction of the Nuruosmaniye kulliyah was completed and it started operating.

1756.07.05 Nearly 4000 buildings burned down in the fire that started in Cibali and lasted 48 hours.

1757 The first private pharmacy was named İki Kapılı (Two Doored) Pharmacy and opened by Georges Hurmus in Bahçekapı.

1758.05 Women marched into a rice storehouse in Eminünü due to a famine.

1759.09.24 It was decided that beggars would be rounded up and sent to Izmit to work.

1760.11.28 It was decided that the money would say “Islambol” instead of “Constantinople” upon an edict of Mustafa.

1761 Prussia was given the right to open an embassy in Istanbul.

1761 The construction of Ayazma Mosque was completed.

1763 The domes of Fatih and Beyazit mosques were damaged in an earthquake.

1763.03 Ragıp Pasha Library was put into service.

1763.04.29 It was decided that unemployed people in Istanbul would be sent to their hometowns.

1764 The land that was formed by filling Langa Port was sold to Armenians and Yenikapı Neighborhood was established.

1764.07.15 Laleli Mosque and complex were completed and opened to the public.

1765 Ayvad Dam was built in Belgrad Forest for the water supply of Istanbul.

1766.05.02 At least 4000 people died in an earthquake and due to the ongoing quakes, Sultan Mustafa III moved to Edirne.

1767.07.31 The reconstruction of Fatih Mosque started.

1768.08.15 It was decided that the construction of a Turkish bath would not be granted license in order to prevent water and wood from decreasing.

1769 New Mosque, Şehzade, Süleymaniye, Sultan Selim and Hagia Sophia mosques were damaged in an earthquake.

1771.02.02 Dervishes reacted strongly to the proclamation of Mustafa III as “veteran” in the sermon at the Hagia Sophia as a result of the Russian voyage.

1771.04 Fatih Mosque was opened for worship.

1775 Murat Molla Library was opened in Çarşamba.

1775.04.29 The Imperial Naval Engineering School was founded.

1778.01-11 The plague resulted in high numbers of casualties from January to November.

1778.08.15 The construction of Beylerbeyi/Hamidiye Mosque was completed and opened for worship.

1782.07.10 More than 1000 houses and two churches burned down in Samatya.

1782.07.24 Nearly 7000 buildings burned down between Balat and Edirnekapı.

1782.08.22 Tens of thousands of state and civilian buildings burned to ashes in a fire in Cibali, which was one of the biggest disasters in the city.

1786 The French Engineer, Kauffer, made the first modern scaled map of Istanbul.

1790 Selimiye waterways started operating.

1792.07.10 Sultan Selim III was subject to an unsuccessful assassination attempt with three bullets while he was in a gathering place at the Hagia Sophia.

1793 The New Order (Nizam-ı Cedid) army was founded.

1793 Balıklı Greek Hospital was opened in Yedikule.

1793 The Grains Ministry was established in order that the subsidising of the city be supervised by the state.

1793.05.06 The Gunpowder Ministry was founded and all gunpowder factories were put under this office.

1794.05.12 Azadlu Gunpowder Factory was established in Küçükçekmece.

1795 The Imperial School for Military Engineering was founded.

1795.09 Le Bulletin de Nouvelles started to be published at French Legation Publishing House.

1796 Mihrişah Valide Sultan, Selim III’s mother, had Valide Dam built over Arabacı Mandırası Creek in Bahçeköy.

1796 Tophane-i Âmire Hospital was put into service.

1797.02 A printing house was opened on the ground floor of the Imperial School of Military Engineering.

1798.05.19 It was decided that Eyüp Mosque be demolished as it was irreparable.

1799 Levent Çiftliği Hospital started operating.

1800 Asâkir-i Hassa Hospital was opened in Toptaşı.

1800-1803 The Selimiye Barracks were built.

1800.10.20 Eyüp Sultan complex was completed and opened to worship with a ceremony for men only.

1802 A printing house was opened in Üsküdar/Selimiye.

1805 Broadcloth and Paper factories were established in Beykoz.

1806.01.09 A medical school was opened at the Imperial Arsenal.

1807.02.20 The English fleet comprising of 11 ships anchored around Burgaz Island to threaten the city.

1807.03.01 The English fleet left Istanbul.

1807.05.25 The Kabakçı Mustafa Riot started.

1807.05.29 Sultan Selim III was overthrown in a coup and Mustafa IV was enthroned.

1808.05 Women in Istanbul marched into the house of the qadi of Istanbul, whom they held responsible for the famine.

1808.10.07 The Deed of Agreement was signed as a result of negotiations between the Grand Vizier Alemdar Mustafa Pasha and the Anatolian and Rumelian notables.

1808.11.16 In an attack on the Sublime Port, as the Grand Vizier Alemdar Mustafa Pasha blew up the building, he himself and hundreds of janissaries died (Alemdar Incident). Selimiye Barracks were completely burned down byjanissaries.

1810.10 Sultan Mahmud II banned women from going out at night.

1811-1813 There were a high number of casualties as a result of the plague.

1812 Tidak Püzantyan, which was the first Armenian newspaper in Istanbul, started publication.

1816 Beykoz Tanning Yard (Debbağhane-i Âmire), which had been established by private capital, was nationalized.

1817 The height of the houses was decided to be 14 yards for Muslims and 12 for non-Muslims.

1818 Kirazlı Dam was built in Belgrat Forest in order to meet the city’s water needs.

1821.04.22 The Greek Patriarchate Grigorius and council translators were executed for “high treachery” because they supported the riot in Mora.

1823 The Golden Horn froze over and there was a lack of fuel.

1824 The printing house was moved to Istanbul.

1826 The Ministry for Imperial Foundations was established.

1826.06.17 The Janissary corps were abolished with the participation and support of Istanbul residents.

1826.06.17 The Fire Brigade was abolished.

1826.07.10 The Bektaşî Sufi order was banned and dervish lodges built by the order during the last 60 years were demolished.

1826.08.02 The Sublime Porte and tens of thousands of buildings burned down in Hocapaşa fire.

1826.09.04 The Municipality Office was established.

1827 The Bahriye Merkez Hospital and Maltepe Military Hospital were opened.

1827.03.14 The Faculty of Medicine was opened.

1828 Beyazıt Fire Tower was built from wood.

1828 Zeytinburnu Military Hospital and Bâb-ı Seraskerî Hospital were opened.

1828.01.26 A yarn factory was established in Eyüp.

1828.05.20 The first steam ship bought from England came to Istanbul to be used by Mahmud II.

1829 One of the biggest warships of the period, Mahmudiye Galley with 128 cannonballs was completely manufactured by local engineers of the period.

1829.01.29 The reconstructed Selimiye Barracks (First Army Commandership headquarters since 1964) was opened with a ceremony.

1829.03.03 New Clothing Law went into effect.

1830 The Austria-Hungary Hospital was opened.

1830.01.06 The Catholic Armenian community separated from the Gregorian Church and was recognized as a separate group. The first church of the community was built in Galata.

1831 Humbarahane Military Hospital was opened.

1831 6000 people died in a cholera epidemic.

1831 Head Physician Mustafa Behçet Efendi wrote a booklet called Cholera Brochure.

1831.11.01 The first official newspaper Takvîm-i Vekāyi‘ started publication.

1831.11.04 Ebniye-i Hassa Directorate was founded in order to perform the duties of mayor and head architect.

1832.01.09 The School of Surgery started education.

1833 The Imperial Fez Factory was established.

1833 Regular ship voyages started to Odessa.

1833 İcadiye Fire Tower was built in Vanikoy.

1833.02.20 Russian ships that came to stop the attack of Egyptian governor anchored in Beykoz and established a military camp in Hünkar Pier.

1833.08.31 The fire that started in Cibali spread and burned down half of the city.

1834 Yedikule Surp Pırgıç Armenian Hospital was established.

1834.10 The Üsküdar to Izmit mail road was opened with a ceremony with the participation of Mahmud II.

1836 İplikhane Military Hospital and Liman-ı Kebir Military Hospital were opened.

1836 Surp Agop Hospital was established.

1836 Erste K. K. Priviligierte Donaudampfschiffahrtgesellchaft (first privileged Austria Tuna Steam Shipping) Company started travels between Istanbul to Trabzon, Istanbul to Izmir and Istanbul to Kalas lines.

1836.08.02 Navigazione a Vapore dell Lloyd Austriaco was established and arranged ferry trips to the Adriatic, Mediterranean, Black Sea.

1836.09.03 Hayratiye Bridge, the first bridge on the Golden Horn connecting Unkapanı and Azapkapı started operating.

1837 Edirnekapı Gureba (Poor) and Bekâr (Bachelor) Hospital began service.

1837 The French sea mail service called Le Service Maritime Postal de l’Etat started travels from the Marseille to Istanbul line.

1837.11.28 The first locally produced steam ship called Eser-i Hayr was launched at sea.

1838 Dersaadet Italian Hospital was opened.

1838.01.01 The association called “Associazione Commerciale Artigiana di Piéta” was founded in order to help European worker families who were affected by the fires and impoverished.

1838.03 The Boatman Composition was formed within the body of the Ministry for Imperial Foundations to handle the work of boatman artisans.

1839 It was decided that streets were to be expanded according to the width of horse carriages.

1839 Mr. Chamberlain, who was Samuel Morse’s partner, the inventor of telegram, brought telegram to Istanbul.

1839 Sultan Mahmud II had a New Dam, which was also referred to by his name, was built on the branch of Arabacı Mandırası Stream.

1839 The Ministry of Public Works was established.

1839.01.20 The Sublime Porte building burned down.

1839.11.03 The Imperial Edict of Gülhane was declared.

1840 Naum Theatre was established in Beyoğlu.

1840.08.01 William Churchill published the first private Turkish newspaper called Cerîde-i Havâdis.

1840.09.09 Ahmed Şükrü Bey was appointed as the first mail minister.

1840.09.23 The Ministry of Post Office/Mail was established.

1840.10.28 The first mail that carried private letters left for Edirne.

1840.11.02 The first mail that carried private letters left for Anatolia.

1841 Mail carriage was declared to be under the monopoly of the Ministry of the Post Office/Mail.

1841 St. Benoit Dispensary was opened in Galata.

1841 The missioner of the American Board organization opened Bebek Theology School under the administration of Cyrus Hamlin.

1841.01 Shipping money and sample commercial items was added to the mail service.

1841.09.23 Some of the wooden and stone buildings were demolished and there were casualties in the earthquake that shook Istanbul three times.

1842 The Tannery Administration was modernized with steam machines and turned into a factory.

1842.06 First pictures of Istanbul were taken by the French traveller Compas. The first studio was also opened by Compas in Beyoğlu.

1843 Taksim German Hospital was opened.

1843.04.05 The building of the Sublime Porte (still the Istanbul Governorate), which was made from stone, was opened for service.

1844 Iron Casting Factory was opened in Beşiktaş.

1844 Topkapı, Tarabya and Kuleli military hospitals were opened.

1844 The Private Treasury of Ottoman Sultan Ferries Administration was established.

1845 Haydarpaşa Military Hospital was opened.

1845.04.02 The Hospital for the Poor, built by Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan, came into service.

1845.09.21 Mekteb-i Fünun-ı İdadî (Kuleli Military High School) was opened for education in Dolmabahçe Tiled Pavilion.

1845.10.25 Galata Bridge was opened.

1846 Pasteur Hospital was opened in Taksim.

1846 The German Catholic Hospital was opened.

1846 Esat Efendi Library was founded in Sultanahmet.

1846 Zeytinburnu Iron Melting Factory started operating.

1846 Bursa Governor Mustafa Nuri Pasha had the Glass and Crystal Factory built in Paşabahçe.

1846.02.15 Ottoman Police Directorate was established.

1846.07.11 Rostand Company had its first cruise between Marseille-Izmir and Istanbul with its ship called Hellespont.

1846.11.13 The foundation was laid for Darülfünun (University).

1847 5.275 people died in a cholera epidemic.

1847.08.10 Lawrence Smith carried out his first trial with telegram in front of Sultan Abdülmecid.

1848 The insurance company called Neos Triton started operating.

1848 Gülhane Military Hospital was opened.

1848 Regulations on Buildings was published.

1848 Imperial Military School was founded.

1848.03.16 Darülmuallimin was opened to train male teachers.

1848.11.18 The first local iron ship called Eser-i Hadid and produced in the Istanbul Gunpowder Factory Small Iron Factory was lowered down to the sea.

1849 Hocabey Insurance Company started operating.

1849.05 Dersaadet Bank was opened as the first bank of Istanbul.

1849.10.04 Gümüşsuyu Military Hospital came into service.

1850 Protestant Armenian community was recognized officially and their first church was built.

1850 Bakırköy Factory that was established under the name Print Works through private enterprise started its operations. Boatmen Artisans Regulations that included the rules that boatmen and passengers had to obey in Bosphorus traffic was put into effect.

1850.09.30 Auspicious Company was established.

1850.09.30 The ban for Muslim females travelling on local ferries was lifted.

1851 An insurance company called La Confidente was established.

1851.02.28 The French Government gave La Compagnie Messageries des Nationales, which opened an agency in Istanbul, the privilege of mail delivery.

1851.07.18 Encümen-i Daniş (Academy of Sciences) was opened.

1851.08 Scamandre ferry of Messageries Maritimes began its first cruise between Istanbul and Alexandria.

1852 The Ottoman Costumes museum was founded.

1852.01.03 It was decided that the ferries of the Auspicious Company would be managed through tax farming.

1852.10 The first Turkish magazine Mecmûa-i Havâdis began its publication with Armenian letters.

1853 The Trieste Insurance Company started operating.

1853.03 The Auspicious Company started its cruises.

1853.05 The Ottoman Bank was established.

1854 A law school called the School of Judges was founded.

1854-1855 Istanbul witnessed an international exchange during the Crimean War. European goods entered the city. The consumption of items such as chocolate, cigarettes, tea became widespread and the concept of fashion was formed.

1854.04.14 The first military troops that came from the ally England, were lodged/installed in the Selimiye Barracks.

1854.05.13 The Hüsrev Pasha Library opened in Eyüp.

1854.06.17 Soldiers were sent off to battle after a parade between Rami and the Davutpaşa barracks.

1854.11.04 Florence Nightingale came to Istanbul with 40 nurses.

1855 The English hospital was opened.

1855 The Ottoman State Directorate of Lighthouses was established.

1855 The Bakırköy Public Munition Military Factory was opened.

1855 The Dolmabahçe Gas Factory started producing gas.

1855.03 The Ottoman Telegram Directorate was established and Billurîzade Mehmed Efendi was appointed Director.

1855.03.01 The Sublime Porte, Davutpaşa Mosque and some other buildings were damaged in Istanbul during an earthquake centered in Bursa.

1855.05.09 The Commission of City Arrangement was established.

1855.06.26 748 buildings were burned in the Laleli-Aksaray fire.

1855.08.16 The İhtisab Ministry was abolished and the Municipality was established.

1855.08.19 The Istanbul-Edirne telegram line was installed/opened.

1856 Cadde-i Kebir was lit with the gas produced in the Dolmabahce Gas Factory.

1856 The planning of the Aksaray fire area was given to the Italian engineer Luigi Storari.

1856.02.18 The ban on ringing churches’s bells was lifted in Istanbul with the declaration of the Rescript of Reform

1856.05.03 Turkey’s first telegram containing 128 words was sent from Edirne to Istanbul.

1856.05.24 The Ottoman Bank was established.

1856.05.24 The Society of Imperial Medicine (Société Impériale de Médecine) was founded.

1856.06.11 The Dolmabahçe Palace was officially opened.

1856.09.06 Yusuf Agha was given the privilege of carrying passengers on the Golden Horn for 20 years.

1857 The Golden Horn froze over.

1857 Ahırkapı lighthouse was built.

1857 Küçüksu Pavilion was constructed.

1857.03 Messageries Maritimes was given the contract to build docks, warehouses and piers in Galata.

1857.12.28 Beyoğlu attained a municipality in a European style under the Sixth Directorate of Municipality Regulation.

1858 Vincent Abdullah (Abdullahyan) opened a photography studio called Abdullah Freres in Beyoğlu.

1858 The Şişli La Paix Hospital was opened.

1858 Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha was given the contract to carry passengers on the Golden Horn.

1858.08.01 The Messageries Maritimes Company started regular weekly trips between Istanbul and Volo (Thessaly).

1858.12.08 The Messageries Maritimes Company started regular weekly trips between Istanbul and Thessaloniki.

1859 The Aravelyan Tadron (East Theatre), known as the first professional theatre, was established by Sırabyan Hekimhan.

1859.01 The Üsküdar-Izmit telegram line was installed and a telegraph office was opened in Üsküdar.

1859.01.12 The Dolmabahçe Palace Theatre was opened.

1859.04.20 The Regulation on Streets was put into effect.

1859.09.14 A plan to overthrow Sultan Abdülmecid with a coup ended unsuccessfully. (It is known as “Kuleli Incident” due to the location of the trial).

1860 The Print Works in Bakırköy was nationalized.

1860 The Railroads became a part of mail carriage.

1860 The first Telegram School (Fünun-ı Telgrafiye Mektebi) was opened in a wooden building across the Gülhane Park.

1860.07.07 Telegram correspondence was established between Istanbul and Thessaloniki.

1860.10.21 Şinasî and Agâh began publishing the first private Turkish newspaper called Tercümân-ı Ahvâl.

1861 The Lloyd Company opened a post office in Istanbul.

1861 An aerial telegram line was installed between Istanbul and Varna.

1861 The Istanbul Commodity Customs was turned into a Customs Office.

1861 The Hasköy Shipyard was opened by the Auspicious Company.

1861.01.13 Classes started at Darülfünun before its construction was completed.

1861.05.25 The Ottoman Society of Science was founded under Munif Efendi’s leadership.

1861.12.12 The Courrier d’Orient newspaper began publication.

1862 Güllü Agop met with the audience attending Victor Hugo’s piece Le Roi S’amuse in East Theatre.

1862 The Zeynep Kâmil Hospital was opened.

1862.06.27 Şinasî’s newspaper, Tasvîr-i Efkâr started publication.

1862.07 The first Turkish science and culture magazine, Mecmûa-i Fünûn started publication.

1863 The Galata Bridge was opened to car traffic.

1863 The Coastal Mailing Organization was founded.

1863 The Robert College founded by Cyrus Hamlin began teaching.

1863.01.13 The Imperial Mint issued the first Ottoman stamp. Stamps were used for letters, and mailing boxes were placed in various parts of Istanbul.

1863.02.04 The Ottoman Bank was liquidated and the Imperial Ottoman Bank was founded.

1863.02.27 The General Ottoman Exhibition, which was Turkey’s and Istanbul’s first international fair, was opened.

1863.03.30 The Association of Islamic Education (Darüşşafaka Association), led by Yusuf Ziya Pasha, was founded

1863.08.06 The foundations were laid for Beylerbeyi Palace.

1864 Upon the closure of the Telegram School, the Science School of Mechanics was opened.

1864 The Ottoman Empire General Company was founded.

1864.01.16 The first official magazine called Cerîde-i Askeriyye began publication.

1864.09.28 Ferries belonging to the Sultan’s Private Treasury became the Fevaid-i Osmaniye Directorate. The business was named İdare-i Aziziye in 1871, İdare-i Mahsusaas in 1875 and the Ottoman Navigation Administration in 1910.

1865 The Commission for Road Improvement was established in order to enlarge streets and neighborhoods.

1865 The Kuzguncuk Gas Factory was founded.

1865.01.21 Telegrams from Bombay to Baghdad and from Baghdad to Istanbul connected India with Istanbul.

1865.04.21 The Beylerbeyi Palace was opened.

1865.05 The construction of a university building was completed.

1865.07-10 30.000 people died in a cholera epidemic between July and October.

1865.08 Yanyalı Lianos Efendi was given the contract for the distribution of mail within Istanbul.

1865.09.19 The area from Sirkeci to Kumkapı was destroyed in the Hocapaşa fire.

1866 The first stock market, called Dersaadet Stock Exchange Market, was opened.

1866 The Romanian Prince Karol came to Istanbul to be officially recognized.

1866 The Old Palace was demolished and Seraskerat, (today’s Istanbul University presidential building) was built.

1867 A School of Medicine and Law was opened.

1867 The Ottoman Medical Society was founded.

1867 The Çırağan Palace was opened in a ceremony.

1867 The Asia Theatre Community led by Hagop Vartovyan (Güllü Agop) was founded.

1867.01.14 A second illustrated Turkish newspaper, the Âyine-i Vatan, started publication in Istanbul.

1867.03 The City Post Directorate was given the job of letter distribution in the city.

1867.08.07 Sultan Abdülaziz returned from his 47-day European trip and was welcomed enthusiastically by the people of Istanbul.

1868 The Greek Post Office in Istanbul was closed during the Crete riots.

1868 The Imperial Observatory was opened.

1868 The Ottoman National Credit Bank was established.

1868 The Istanbul Safety Box was founded.

1868 The Teacher School for Elementary Teachers was opened.

1868 The Industry School was opened for males in Sultanahmet.

1868 The Dersaadet Corporate Water Company was founded.

1868.09.01 The Imperial High School was opened.

1868.09.04 The School of Industry, (Sultanahmet Technical and Industrial Vocation High School), was opened by Midhat Pasha.

1868.10.06 The Dersaadet Municipality Administration Regulation was published and Istanbul was divided into 14 municipalities.

1869 Edward Goold, one of the teachers of the Imperial High School was appointed Director of the Imperial Museum in Hagia Irene.

1869 The Industry School for girls was opened in Yedikule.

1869 Güllü Agop’s Asia Theatre was changed to the Ottoman Theatre.

1869 The Üsküdar Physicians Society (Association des Médecins de Scutari) was founded.

1869.01.26 Mehmed Arif’s Istanbul newspaper started publication.

1869.04.08 The founding of the Darülfünun-ı Osmanî (Istanbul Univeristy) was approved on the Sultan’s orders.

1869.05.31 The leader, Sheikh Shamil from Daghestan, known for his resistance against Russian incursion came to Istanbul and stayed for 8 months.

1869.06.10 A tunnel between Galata and Beyoğlu was given to the Frenchman Henri Gavand for 42 years with build-operate-transfer model.

1869.06.27 The first women’s magazine, Terakkî-i Muhadderât, started publication.

1869.08.30 Konstantin Karapano was given the contract to run horse trams in Istanbul.

1869.10.03 Turkey’s first kids magazine, Mümeyyiz, issued by Sıdkî Efendi started publication.

1869.10.13 The French Empress Eugenie came to Istanbul.

1869.10.23 The Prussian Crown Prince Frederick came to Istanbul.

1869.10.24 The Italian king’s son Prince Amedeo came to Istanbul.

1869.10.27 The Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph came to Istanbul on a formal visit.

1869.12 The Second City Post started working under the Ministry’s management.

1870 Fevaid-i Osmaniye was named Şirket-i Aziziye.

1870 The first Foreign Chamber of Commerce was opened by Austria-Hungary.

1870 The first ferryboat named Suhulet began service.

1870 15,000 people died in a cholera epidemic.

1870 The Üsküdar Lodge for Dervishes was founded.

1870 Water for the Turkish baths, except for the baths in Eyüp, Balat, Beyazıt and Hagia Sophia, was cut off on Sultan Abdülaziz’s orders due to the drought.

1870.02.18 Konstantin Karapano founded the Istanbul Tramway Company.

1870.02.20 The Istanbul University inaugurated its opening in a ceremony.

1870.04.26 The Istanbul School of Teachers was opened.

1870.06.04 The construction of the Istanbul-Edirne section of the Rumelia Railways started.

1870.06.11 3,000 houses including the Naum theatre burned down in a Beyoglu fire. Hundreds of people died and there was significant material damage.

1870.11.24 The first humorous Turkish magazine, Diyojen, started publication.

1870.11.25 The Council of Friendship, the first European club, was established.

1871 It was decided in the second Mail Regulation that letters, coins, jewellery, samples of commercial goods and books and similar items less than 2.5 kilos would be carried.

1871.01.04 The 15-km part of the Yedikule-Küçükçekmece area of the Rumelia Railway was inaugurated in a ceremony. The name Şirket-i Aziziye was changed to Idare-i Aziziye.

1871.07.21 A Municipality medical practice started.

1871.07.31 The first horsecar trip started on the Azapkapı-Beşiktaş line.

1871.08 The Haydarpaşa-Izmit railroad construction started.

1871.09.21 The Ottoman Telegram Directorate was subordinated to the Ministry of the Post Office and the Mail and Telegram Ministry was established.

1871.11.14 The Eminönü-Aksaray horsecar line came into service.

1872 The Istanbul Bar Society (Société de Barreau de Constantinople) was established.

1872 A Vaccine Inspectorship was founded due to a smallpox epidemic.

1872 The Istanbul Tobacco Management Company was founded.

1872 The Vefa School, which was the first civilian high school that provided Turkish education, was opened.

1872.01 The Mail and Telgraph School started teaching.

1872.02.05 The Beşiktaş-Ortaköy horsecar line started operating.

1872.06.14 More than 1,000 houses burned in a fire in Üskudar.

1872.07.21 The Sirkeci-Yedikule railroad line came into service.

1872.08 The Istanbul Tram Company opened the Perşembepazarı-Tepebaşı-Galatasaray-Harbiye-Pangaltı line with seven omnibuses.

1872.08.14 The Aksaray-Yedikule horsecar line came into service.

1872.09 The iron bridge that connected Unkapanı and Azapkapı was opened.

1872.09.22 The Haydarpaşa-Pendik railroad was inaugurated.

1872.12 Omnibus trips on the Eminönü-Eyüp and Beyazıt-Edirnekapı lines started.

1872.12.31 The privileged position of the Auspicious Company was extended for another 10 years.

1872.12.31 Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha’s contract to carry passengers on the Golden horn was extended for another 10 years.

1873 The Austrian Saint George Hospital was opened.

1873 The Istanbul American Girls’ College (Constantinople Home) was opened in Üsküdar.

1873.01.14 The Aksaray-Topkapı tramline was inaugurated.

1873.01.19 The Iranian Shah, Nasirüddin Şah, came to Istanbul on a formal visit.

1873.04.27 The first collective painting exhibition was opened in the Sultanahmet building of the School of Fine Arts by Şeker Ahmed Pasha.

1873.05.03 The Haydarpaşa-İzmit railroad was completed.

1873.06 Mısır Khediv Ismail Pasha came to Istanbul.

1873.06.28 The Darüşşafaka was opened for the education of Muslim orphans and poor children. A horsecar service started in Üsküdar.

1873.12.02 The Dersaadet Securities and Stock Market Regulation established.

1874 A Russian Hospital was opened.

1874 The Dersaadet Tax was put into effect.

1874.06 An omnibus service ended on the European side.

1874.07.01 The Kızıldere Water Company was established.

1874.07.08 The Dolmabahçe Gas Factory was transferred to the Municipality.

1874.09.02 The Istanbul Firefighter Troop was founded.

1874.10 The Hungarian firefighting expert Count Szechenyi came to Istanbul.

1875.01.17 A Tunnel between Galata and Beyoğlu was opened.

1875.08.16 J. Laffan Hanly’s newspaper, Stamboul, started publication.

1875.09 The Third City Post was founded.

1876 7,000 people died in a cholera epidemic.

1876 General Centre of International Union Mails was founded.

1876 The Commerce and Agriculture Council was established.

1876 The Çiçek Passage, built by Banker Hristaki Zografos, was opened.

1876.02.10 Omnibuses were banned from going in traffic.

1876.05.09 A group, led by madrasa students, protested against the government in Fatih Mosque.

1876.06.16 Çerkez Hasan, who reacted violently to the dethronement and death of Sultan Abdulaziz, killed Seraskerat Hüseyin Avni Pasha and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Raşid Pasha. He was executed one day later.

1876.08.31 Sultan Abdülhamid II succeeded to the throne.

1876.10.02 The Brazilian King Pedro II and Empress Theresa came to Istanbul.

1876.11.05 The Regulation on the New Organization of Mail and Telegram General Directorate was rearranged.

1876.12.23 In order to handle the Balkan depression, the Istanbul Conference started with the participation of European states and the Ottoman representatives.

1876.12.23 The Constitutional Monarchy started with the Ottoman Constitution (the Basic Law).

1877 The seashore was frozen over due to cold weather.

1877 A Bahariye Lodge for Dervishes in Eyup, where construction had started 3 years before, was opened.

1877.02.13 Ali Suavî was appointed as the first Turkish Director of the Imperial High School.

1877.02.18 The first representative elections took place in Istanbul.

1877.03.19 The First Parliament was opened in a glorious ceremony in the Dolmabahçe Palace.

1877.04.14 The Ottoman Red Crescent Association was established.

1877.10.05 The Municipality was established with Dersaadet and City Municipality Law.

1878 There was an unprecedented flow of immigrants from Rumelia and the Balkans to Istanbul due to the Russian war.

1878.02.13 Abdülhamid II abolished the Parliament due to the Russian War that posed a grave danger.

1878.02.24 The Russians advanced up to Ayastefanos (Yeşilköy).

1878.03.03 The Ayastefanos (Yeşilköy) Agreement was signed.

1878.05.20 A coup attempt called the Ali Suavî Incident and the Çırağan incident were unsuccessful.

1878.05.23 A middle section of the Sublime Porte burned down in a fire.

1878.10.28 Education at the University resumed after one year of disruption.

1878.12.17 Monsieur Charles Toucas who wanted to illuminate the streets of Istanbul applied to the Municipality.

1879 The Inas School of Industry was opened in Aksaray.

1879.05.20 The workers of the Auspicious Company had their first strike.

1879.06.09 The Society of Pharmacists of Istanbul (Société de Pharmacie de Constantinople) was founded.

1879.11.22 The Galata bankers formed the Six Tax Offices in order to collect debts owed.

1879.12.04 The Police Directorate was abolished and the Ministry of Police was established.

1880 The Society of Commerce which was the first version of the Chamber of Commerce was founded.

1880 The Mail and Telgraph School was closed down. Classes on telegrams were given in Darüşşafaka (Ottoman Secondary School for Orphans).

1880 The Yedikule Gas Factory, subordinated to the Municipality, started production.

1880.01.19 The Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce was founded.

1880.02.13 Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha transferred his contract to carry passengers on the Golden Horn to Panayotaki Korci from Lesbos for 6 years.

1881 The Beyoğlu Jeremian Hospital was opened.

1881 The French Chamber of Comerce was opened.

1881.07 The first phone line was installed between the Telegram building in Soğukçeşme and the post office in New Mosque.

1881.07.28 The Istanbul Tram Company was named “Dersaadet Tram Company” and its contract was extended to 36.5 years.

1881.08.03 The Imperial Museum was opened to visitors in the Tile Pavilion, which was its new building. Upon the arrest of Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha, his contract to carry passengers on the Golden Horn was extended for 10 years and transferred to his wife Cemile Sultan.

1881.12.20 The Ottoman Public Debt Administration was established.

1882.01.01 The School of Fine Arts was opened.

1882.01.14 The Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce started operating in its own building.

1882.03.20 The Dersaadet Water Company was founded.

1883 The Italian Chamber of Commerce was opened.

1883 The Daire-i Belediye Nisa Hospital VI was opened.

1883 The Terkos Pumping Station, which was established through the capital of the Dersaadet Water Company, was opened.

1883.01.16 The Hamidiye Trade School, which formed the foundation for the Marmara University, was opened.

1883.03.03 The School of Fine Arts building was officially opened.

1884 The Kâğıthane Brook flooded and severely damaged cultivated fields.

1884 The Civilian School of Engineering was established under the Imperial School for Military Engineering.

1884 The Yıldız Seyyar Military Hospital was opened.

1884 The Cibali Tobacco Factory was opened for production.

1884 A glass factory was established in Paşabahçe.

1884.01.15 A private school, Numune-i Terakki, which formed the foundation of the Istanbul Boys’ High School, was founded by Mehmed Nadir Bey.

1884.06.24 The first national library called the Ottoman Public Library was established.

1884.12.23 The Bahriye Firefighting Troop was formed.

1885 United Norway and Sweden King Oscar II came to Istanbul with his son Prince Karl.

1885 The Haseki Nisa Hospital was opened.

1885 The Modiano Bottle Factory was established in Paşabahçe.

1885.01.05 The Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce Newspaper started publication.

1886 The use of phones was banned.

1886.06.02 The Dersaadet Ice Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1887 The Ottoman Match Factory was opened.

1887.01 The Rabies Treatment Center was opened.

1887.08.23 The Istinye Ice Factory was established.

1887.08.25 Hasan Tahsin Efendi was given the contract to manage the Yedikule Gas Factory for 40 years.

1888 There was a flood in Kağıthane.

1888 The English Chamber of Commerce was established.

1888 The Dersaadet Ottoman Enlightenment (Illumination) Company was established.

1888.02.11 The foundations for the Sirkeci Train Station were laid.

1888.06.19 The Ottoman Illumination Company was given the contract for the Yedikule Gas Factory.

1888.08.15 The Ziraat Bank was established.

1888.10.28 The Üsküdar and Kadıköy Water Company was established to deliver water on the Asian side.

1888.10.29 The Auspicious Company’s contract was extended for 30 years.

1888.12.12 An electricity factory was opened in a shipyard in the Golden Horn.

1889 There was a flood in Kağıthane.

1889.02.28 The Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce was reorganized and transformed into the Dersaadet Chamber of Commerce, Agriculture and Industry.

1889.05.07 The Dolmabahçe Gas Factory was transferred to the Imperial Armory.

1889.06.05 The Hamidiye Etfal Hospital was opened.

1889.10.21 The German Kaiser Wilhelm II and his spouse came to Istanbul.

1890 The Yedikule Thread Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1890 1,200 buildings burned down in a Pendik fire.

1890.05.03 The Sirkeci Train Station was inaugurated in a ceremony.

1890.11.03 The Sirkeci Train Station, designed by German architect and engineer A. Jasmund, was opened.

1891 The Dersaadet Greek Chamber of Commerce was opened.

1891 The Kadıköy Hasanpaşa Gas Factory was founded.

1891.05.01 The first private chemical analysis laboratory was opened by the Chemist Dr. Joseph Zanni in Beyoğlu.

1891.06.13 The Museum of Antiquities was opened.

1891.07.28 The contract to provide lighting to the Asian side with gas was given to Monsieur Şarl Jorji.

1892 The Messageries Maritimes Company started regular trips once a week to Marseille-Istanbul-Odesa and alternatively to Istanbul-Batumi.

1892 The Istanbul, Pier, Dock and Storage Company gained the contract to build the Galata, Sarayburnu, Sirkeci and the Golden Horn piers, with a right of use for 85 years.

1892 The Ministry of Military Education was founded and all military schools were gathered under one roof.

1892 The Yıldız Porcelain and Tile Factory started production.

1892.01.06 The Kadıköy Gas Factory started providing gas for Üsküdar under the name of the Üsküdar-Kadıköy Gas Illumination Company.

1892.10 The Istanbul Post Office’s stone building in Bahçekapı opened.

1892.10.13 The Halkalı Agriculture School started teaching.

1892.12.31 The Ottoman Public Insurance Company was founded.

1893 The General Commission for Hygiene was established at the Mayor’s office.

1893 The Elmalı 1 Dam was opened.

1893.01.22 The Hamidiye Paper Factory started production.

1893.02.07 The ferry service was disrupted because the Golden Horn froze over.

1893.08.24 1,537 people died in a cholera epidemic that lasted 9 months.

1893.11.03 The Bacteriology Department was opened under the management of Maurice Nicoll, one of the experts from the Pasteur Institute. Its construction was completed on April 27, 1894.

1894 The German, Dr. Marie Sibold, opened the first private gynaecology clinic.

1894.06.30 The Serbian King Alexander came to Istanbul.

1894.07.10 One of the biggest earthquakes in the history of Istanbul took place, in which the Grand Bazaar collapsed.

1895 Opr. Dr. Cemil Bey opened the first private clinic called the Surgery Clinic in the Sublime Porte.

1895 The Austrian Saint George Etfal Hospital was opened.

1895.09.30 The Armenian members of the Hınçak Organization who gathered in Kumkapanı marched to the Sublime Porte.

1895.10 The Galata (Karaköy) pier construction was completed.

1896 The Candle and Stearin Factory was built with French capital in Paşabahçe.

1896 The Numune-i Terakki School was expropriated.

1896 The Hasan Hüsnü Pasha Library was founded in Eyüp.

1896 A French citizen of Italian descent Alexandre, Promio, recorded Turkish soldiers in Istanbul and Izmir with a camera.

1896 Dr. İrini Anopilioti opened a private clinic.

1896 The Or Ahaim Jewish Hospital was founded.

1896 The first public cinema movie was shown at the Sponeck Beer House.

1896.01.31 The Regulation on Banning Begging was issued.

1896.02.02 The Darülaceze (Poor House) was opened.

1896.08.26 Some Armenians attacked on the Ottoman Bank.

1896.09.25 The Istanbul Spring Water Ottoman Company was established.

1897 Dr. Hafız Hilmi Bey, Dr. Esad, and Dr. Besim Ömer opened private clinics.

1897 The Aid Exhibition for Children of War Veterans and Martyrs was opened in Yıldız under the auspices of Abdülhamid II.

1897 A Frenchman called Bertrand, showed a movie to the Sultan and palace members at Yıldız Palace.

1897.08.31 The Marine Museum and Library, founded by Admiral Arif Hikmet Pasha and Captain Süleyman Nutkî Bey, were opened to visitors.

1898 The Haydarpaşa-Baghdad railroad contract was given to the Deutche Bank.

1898 The construction of Hamidiye Water Facilities began.

1898.10.18 The German Kaiser Wilhelm II came to Istanbul for the second time.

1898.12.30 The Gülhane School of Practice and Hospital of Clinical Instruction (GATA) was opened.

1899 A Jewish businessman founded a glass factory called “Fabrico Vetrani di D. Modiano Constantinopoli” in Paşabahçe.

1899.06.05 The Hamidiye Etfal Hastahane-i Âlîsi (Şişli Etfal Hospital) was opened.

1899.09.03 The Hemdat Israel Synagogue opened.

1813.06.23 Dolmabahçe Gas Factory was transferred to the Municipality again.

1900 The Galata and Sirkeci piers started operating.

1900 The Auspicious Company started using screw steamer ferries instead of side paddle steamer ferries.

1900 Permission to enter the Taksim Garden with free tickets was given to the Dersaadet Tram Company.

1900.07.12 The Union of Fire Insurance Companies was founded.

1900.09.01 The Darülfünun (University) was opened again to work perpetually.

1900.09.30 The Iranian Shah Muzaffer al-din came to Istanbul.

1901 The Iranian Hospital was opened in Sultanahmet.

1901 The first Turkish football team, the Black Stocking Football Club, was formed. The club was defeated by the Greeks by 5-1 in their first game on October 26.

1901.01.27 A German fountain presented by the German Emperor Wilhelm II was inaugurated at the Blue Mosque square.

1901.05.05 An operation by the government to confiscate foreign mail turned out to be futile following a strong reaction by the embassies.

1902 The Kadıköy Football Club was opened.

1902 A summer sanatorium was opened at Saint George Hospital in Burgaz Ada for orphaned children.

1902.04.25 The Bulgarian Hospital was opened in Şişli.

1902.05.26 The Hamidiye Facilities, which provided drinking water for the area from the north of the Golden Horn to Ortaköy, started operating.

1903 The Haydarpaşa port facilities were opened for business.

1903 The Istanbul Medical Club (Club Médicale de Constantinople) was founded.

1903 1,121 buildings burned down in the Maltepe (Kartal) fire.

1903.03.01 The Beşiktaş Bereket Gymnastics Club was established.

1903.03.29 The first regulation that aimed at organizing cinema activities and controling these activities was issued.

1903.07.10 The contract of the Auspicious Company was extended for another 50 years.

1903.09.01 The Darülhayr-ı Âli, which was founded to provide orphans with occupations, was opened at the Zeyneb Hanım Mansion (the current location of Istanbul University’s Faculty of Letters).

1904 The Haydarpaşa pier was opened for business.

1904 The Greeks founded Elpis and the English Embassy personnel founded Imogene as their football teams.

1904-1905 Imogene won the championship in the Constantinople Football Association League, which was organized for the first time.

1904.08 The first automobile ordered by the Management Directorate arrived in Istanbul. However, the government decided to return the car because Istanbul streets were not suitable for automobiles.

1904.09 An automobile arrived in Istanbul.

1905 The Romanian Prince Bisko was allowed to pass through Istanbul with an automobile.

1905.07.21 An attempted assassination with a bomb against Sultan Abdülhamid II by some Armenians lead to the deaths of 26 people.

1905.10.20 The Galatasaray Club was founded.

1906 The Deutsche-Orient Bank was founded.

1906.08.31 The Children’s Sanatorium of Hamidiye Children’s Hospital was opened.

1907 The Beyoğlu Telegram and Mail Center were moved to Galatasaray.

1907.05.03 The Fenerbahçe Club was established.

1908 The Anatolian Club was founded in Üsküdar.

1908 The first female organization, the Ottoman Women’s Organization for Aid, was founded.

1908 The Fikirtepe settlement and Pendik Hill town were discovered.

1908 The ban on the use of phones was lifted.

1908 Skin and Reproductive Diseases Hospital was opened in Beyoğlu, Kuledibi.

1908 Vefa Sports club was founded

1908 648 people died of typhoid.

1908.01.30 The Pathe Cinema, which was Turkey’s first public cinema, was opened in Tepebaşı by Weinberg.

1908.05 Abdülhamid II asked officials to take precautions as cars brought to Istanbul without permission caused accidents.

1908.05 The government decided that automobiles should be banned within the city, but could be used outside the city.

1908.06 The Basra Representative, Züheyirzade Ahmed Pasha, brought the first automobile to the city with special permission from Abdülhamid II.

1908.06.20 Censorship was applied to cinema activities for the first time.

1908.07.10 The Tanin newspaper started publication.

1908.07.24 The Second Constitutional Monarchy was implemented after putting the Ottoman Constitution (the Basic Law) into effect.

1908.07.30 The Association of Civil Ottoman Physicians (Association des Médicins Civils Ottomans) was founded.

1908.08.09 The Great Orient of Turkey was founded and Talat Pasha was chosen as the grand master.

1908.08.20 The Society of Ottoman Pharmacist Unity was founded.

1908.08.23 Nearly 1,500 buldings burned down in the Çırçır fire.

1908.08.25 The Municipality Law was abolished and Istanbul was divided into 20 municipalities.

1908.08.28 The Ottoman Society of Engineers and Architects was founded.

1908.09.08 The Beykoz Sports Club was established.

1908.09.14 The Osmanlı Freedom Party was founded.

1908.09.24 The Hasköy Shipyard Workers went on strike.

1908.10 A movie was banned because it was considered obscene.

1908.10.06 Protests took place against Austria after declaring that they had added Bosnia to their lands, and there was a boycott against Austrian goods.

1908.10.25 The School of Medicine was turned into Darülfünun Medical Faculty.

1908.11.22 The School of Dentistry was founded.

1908.12.11 Elections for representatives were held.

1908.12.26 The General Municipal Assembly was founded.

1909 Terakki Sports Club was established. Its name was changed to Altınordu in 1914.

1909 503 people died in a typhoid epidemic.

1909.01.17 Galatasaray won the first game with Fenerbahçe by 0-2 in Papazın Çayırı (Fenerbahçe Stadium’s location).

1909.03.25 Municipality Health Directorate was formed to supervise the health services of municipalities.

1909.04.05 The Unity of Muhammed Party was formed.

1909.04.06 Serbestî journalist Hasan Fehmi was killed.

1909.04.13 The 31st of March Incident took place.

1909.04.22 /23 The “Army of Action” (Hareket Ordusu) that left Rumelia occupied Istanbul.

1909.04.27 Sultan Abdülhamid II was dethroned and sent to Thessaloniki. Sultan Mehmed V was proclaimed the sultan.

1909.05.10 The Law on Roamers and Suspicious Individuals was issued.

1909.05.10 Istanbul Post Office (Sirkeci Big Post Office) started providing services in the building still used today.

1909.05.10 A central phone office comprising of 50 lines was established in Sirkeci Big Post Office.

1909.05.22 Military and civilian medical schools were gathered under the Ottoman University Faculty of Medicine.

1909.07.22 National Company of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture were founded in the Ottoman territories.

1909.08.10 Uhuvvet-i Osmaniye Carpet Corporate Company was founded.

1909.08.16 The Deutsche Bank was founded.

1909.08.19 The Haydarpaşa Train Station was opened for service but the official opening was on November 4th.

1909.08.21 The School for Orphans was closed.

1909.08.21 The newly renamed Istanbul University was located in Zeynep Hanım Mansion.

1909.09 Kabataş High School (Kabataş Boys High School) started teaching with 7 classes and 276 students.

1909.09.13 The National Bank of Turkey was founded.

1909.10.14 Charity Institutions of Health was founded and health and social aid institutions were subordinated to this directorate.

1909.11.19 Société des Pharmaciens de l’Empire Ottoman (Society of Ottoman Pharmacists) was founded.

1909.11.27 The Ottoman Historical Council was established.

1909.11.29 Cemile Sultan gained the privilege of carrying passengers on the Golden Horn for 40 years. She transferred her privilege to The Golden Horn Ferries Company after a while.

1910 Municipality Checmistry Laboratory was founded.

1910 Turkey Commerce and Industry Bank was founded.

1910.01 The School of Telegram was opened.

1910.01.19 Çırağan Palace, which had been used as the First Parliament, was burned down.

1910.02.10 Halil Edhem Bey was appointed as the director of the Imperial Museum.

1910.02.26 Artisan guilds were abolished and “the Artisan Society” was founded.

1910.03.21 The Bulgarian King Ferdinand came to Istanbul for a formal visit with his wife Eleonora.

1910.04.04 The Serbian King Peter I Karađorđević paid a formal visit to Istanbul.

1910.05.10 A regulation on boatman artisans was issued.

1910.05.16 The Financial Dignity Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1910.05.31 The Chamber of Commerce, Agriculture and Industry was turned into the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

1910.06.03 80,000 stray dogs were exiled to Hayırsız Island.

1910.06.09 The Sadâ-yı Millet newswriter Ahmed Samim was killed.

1910.06.16 The School of Finance was founded by the Ministry of Finance.

1910.06.20 Capital Growth Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1910.06.21 The observatory was reopened and Fatin Hoca (Gökmen) was appointed as director.

1910.06.23 Mine, Jewellery and Mining Items Corporate Ottoman Company was founded.

1910.06.23 A boycott against Greek products started.

1910.06.29 The wife of the French Emperor Napoleon III, Empress Eugenie, came to Istanbul in her private yacht.

1910.07.23 Cerrahpaşa Zükûr Hospital was opened.

1910.07.28 Acid Carbon Manufacturing Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1910.07.30 Unity Mill Corporate Ottoman Company was established.

1910.08.27 The Commerce and Industry Bank of Turkey was founded.

1910.08.31 Altınörs Training Area was founded.

1910.09.11 Private Management was reorganized with the name Ottoman Ship Cruises.

1910.09.25 Paşabahçe Tile and Brick Factory Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1910.10.11 The first sports newspaper Futbol started publication.

1910.10.23 The privilege of providing electricity to Rumelia and running trams with electricity was given to the Hungarian company called Société Anonyme d’Electricite Ganz.

1911 The French capitalized shipyard called Societe Anonyme Ottomane des Docks et Ateliers du Haut-Bosphore was opened in Istinye.

1911 The Eastern Land Commerce Chamber was opened by the United States of America.

1911 The Horse Discipline Society was founded to discipline and domesticate horses.

1911 The Cavalry Riding and Training School was founded in Bakırköy by the War Minister Mahmud Sevket Pasha.

1911 The Sufi Society was founded with the objective of resolving problems between Sufis through mutual solidarity.

1911 The automobile was allocated as the official car for the mayor of Istanbul.

1911 Beylerbeyi and Süleymaniye Sports clubs were established.

1911.01.12 Trade Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1911.01.19 Tramway Company was given the privilege of running electric tramways.

1911.02.06 The building of the Sublime Porte burned.

1911.03.01 Meadin Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1911.03.26 Hilal Ottoman Corporate Ferry Company was established.

1911.04.06 The job of building a central phone office with a central battery was given to Harbert Lows Web (Dersaadet Phone Corporate Ottoman Company).

1911.04.07 Hüdavendigâr Ottoman Ship Cruises Corporate Company was established.

1911.04.18 Büyük Şark Drygoods Fashion Millinery Stores Corporate Company was established.

1911.05.11 Ottoman Telegram Agency was founded (it was later renamed the Ottoman National Telegram Agency).

1911.05.13 Quarry Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1911.05.22 Corporate Ottoman Company of Unity Ship Cruises was founded.

1911.06.12 Ottoman Thread and Linen Items Company was established.

1911.06.24 Ottoman Commerce Bank was founded.

1911.07.01 İcadiye Fire Tower was abolished and was turned into Kandilli Observatory.

1911.07.05 Istanbul Bankası was founded with national capital.

1911.07.10 Şehrâh newswriter Zeki Bey was assasinated.

1911.07.14 Yıldız Tile Factory was officially reopened.

1911.07.15 The Lovers of Istanbul Society was founded under the presidency of Prince Said Halim Pasha.

1911.07.23 More than 2,000 houses, 3,000 stores, 16 mosques and many formal and public buildings were burned down in Uzunçarşı fire.

1911.07.23 The Monument of Freedom, designed by Architect Muzeffer in Şişli in memory of 3 military officers and 68 soldiers from the Army of Action 2 years ago, was inaugruated.

1911.07.28 Golden Fleece Ottoman Corporation Tanning Company was founded in Galata.

1911.08 Beşiktaş Football Club was born with the combination of Valideçeşme and Basiret teams.

1911.08 The first horse race was organized in Veliefendi Meadow.

1911.08.18 Alemdar Mustafa Pasha’s bones were buried in the cemetery of Zeynep Sultan Mosque.

1911.08.18 Turkish Land Society was founded.

1911.08.22 The Conductor School, which formed the basis of Yıldız University, was opened.

1911.11.23 The Press Agency Ottoman Public Corporate Company was founded.

1911.11.29 The first issue of Türk Yurdu, which had the slogan of “Serving and Helping the Turk”, was published.

1911.12.01 The Construction Corporate Ottoman Company was established.

1911.12.11 By-elections were held to elect representatives.

1911.12.14 The Civilian Physicians Society was founded.

1911.12.19 Ottoman Corporate Company Enterprise was founded.

1911.12.28 Ottoman Unity Greenhouse Cultivation Corporate Company was founded.

1912 Hilal Youth and Telephone Operators Sports Clubs were established.

1912 Due to the Balkan wars, Tramway Company’s horses were seized and sent to the war front.

1912 Istanbul was subject to an influx of immigrants due to “Balkan Defeat” that ended with loss of the first territories that that had been conquered.

1912.01.18 The first early elections in Turkish political history, also known as “election with sticks”, were held.

1912.02.15 National Caution Life Insurance Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1912.02.15 Saint Antoine Church was opened for worship upon the completion of construction work.

1912.03.21 Beyoğlu Millinery Stores Corporate Company was founded.

1912.03.25 The Turkish Center Association was founded.

1912.03.31 Balcı Siblings Corporate Ottoman Company was founded.

1912.03.31 The First Ottoman Agricultural Development Sample Corporate Company was founded.

1912.04.12 Galata Bridge, which had been reconstructed, opened.

1912.06.01 Brick from Cement and All Construction Materials Manufacturing Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1912.07.25 Koru and Yalova Baths Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1912.08.04 Parliament was abolished.

1912.10.03 Darülfünun students organized a march.

1912.10.04 Committee of Union and Progress organized a big meeting in Sultanahmet.

1912.11.01 The former sultan, Abdülhamid II, was brought to Istanbul from Thessaloniki.

1912.11.02 Taşkışla Hospital started patient admissions.

1912.11.17 Bulgarian armies marching to Istanbul were stopped in Çatalca.

1913 Dersaadet Russian Commerce Chamber was opened.

1913 Marine Vehicles Ottoman Insurance Company was founded.

1913 The Jews’ Maccabi Sports Club was founded in Hasköy.

1913.01.10 Marble Stone Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1913.01.23 Unionists attacked the Sublime Porte and killed the War Minister Nazım Pasha.

1913.01.30 Istanbul was considered one single administrative municipality with the Temporary Law on Dersaadet Municipality Organization.

1913.03.22 The War Minister Enver Pasha and his peers founded the Cavalrymen Center.

1913.04.01 Anadoluhisarı Training Area Sports Club was established.

1913.06.11 The Grand Vizier and War Minister Mahmud Şevket Pasha was killed.

1913.08.31 Commercial, Industrial and Financial Affairs Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1913.09.07 Hamidiye armoured vehicles, which fought Greek ships under Rauf Bey’s command, returned to Istanbul.

1913.09.13 Turan Sanatkâran Gücü was founded with the merger of Altinörs and Sanatkaran Gücü.

1913.09.18 Retired Military Commerce Corporate Company was established.

1913.10.29 Origin of Wealth Corporate Ottoman Commerce Company was established.

1913.12.14 The Law for the Stimulation of Industry was issued.

1913.12.24 Articles regarding automobiles were added to the regulation on the duties of the municipality police.

1913.12.29 Drygoods Commerce Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1914 Darüşşafaka Physical Training Club was founded.

1914 Istanbul’s first phone books were prepared.

1914 Kindergarten Teacher School was opened within the Teacher School in order to train kindergarten teachers.

1914.01.10 Asya Bank Coporate Ottoman Company was established with national capital.

1914.01.22 Real Estate and Loans Bank Ottoman Corporate Company was established with national capital.

1914.01.25 Dersaadet Tramway Company put electricity tramways into service.

1914.02.06 Silahdarağa Electricity Factory started production.

1914.02.17 Dolmabahçe Gas Factory was transferred to Beyoğlu-Yeniköy Turkish Corporate Gas Company where the Parisian banker Octav Bezanson and Louis Boer were founding partners.

1914.02.28 Elections for representative were held.

1914.03.04 Mine Inspection and Industry Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1914.03.19 National Insurance Corporate General Company was founded.

1914.03.19 The first Turkish cinema, called National Cinema, was founded in Şehzadebaşı.

1914.03.28 Dersaadet Cheese Seller Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1914.04.08 Military Items Corporate Company was founded.

1914.04.14 Islam Foundations Museum was opened at the Süleymaniye Soup Kitchen.

1914.05.14 The longest lasting Parliament of the Second Constitutional Era convened.

1914.05.15 Ottoman Real Estate Company of Istanbul was established.

1914.05.31 The Calligraphy School was founded to teach the art of calligraphy.

1914.09.12 The University for Women including Literature, Arithmetic and National branches was founded for girls.

1914.10.01 Due to the start of the World War I, foreign post offices were closed; the government seized Dersaadet Telephone Corporate Ottoman Company.

1914.10.01 Istanbul madrasas were turned into one single madrasa called Darülhilafeti’l-Aliyye with the Regulation on Reform of Madrasas.

1914.10.03 Mazhar Osman founded the Society of Ottoman Medicine of Mental Diseases and Neurology.

1914.10.13 The Female School of Fine Arts was opened.

1914.10.26 Censorship comittees were formed in Istanbul due to the World War I.

1914.10.27 The Institution of Fine Arts was founded.

1914.11.14 The first Turkish movie called the Destruction of Ayastefanos Monument was produced by Ali Fuat (Uzkınay).

1914.12.06 Ottoman Corporate Company of Boğaziçi Beykoz Park was founded.

1914.12.07 The Ottoman Company of Public Munition of Houses (New Crescent) was founded in Bahçekapı.

1915 1,000 buildings burned down in a fire in Cihangir.

1915 Central Army Cinema Directorate was founded under Enver Pasha’s command.

1915.03.07 Büyükada Construction Munition Corporate Ottoman Company was established.

1915.04.03 Real Estate Assets and Loans Bank Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1915.04.13 Rebirth of Trade Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1915.06.16 Cashmere Clothing Ottoman Corporate Company was founded.

1915.09.28 Anatolia National Products Ottoman Corporate Company was established in Galata.

1915.12.25 The first Orphanage was opened in Kadıköy in Istanbul.

1916 Darüttâlim-i Music was founded.

1916 Keçecizade İzzet Molla’s grave was brought to Sivas and was buried in the cemetery at Mustafa Bey Masjid.

1916 The first riding races were held by the Cavalry Corps.

1916 The Aziz Mahmud Hüdayî Library opened.

1916.01.20 Darülbedayi (Imperial theatre) began the new season with the play called Çürük Temel in Tepebaşı Winter Theatre.

1916.02.05 The General Shipping Ottoman Corporate Company was established.

1916.04.17 The Nation Library was opened.

1916.05.19 Mustafa Şamlı and Sons Institution Trade Corporate Ottoman Company was established.

1916.05.23 Ottoman Corporate Rubber Company was established.

1916.07.23 SL-10 Zeppelin from Germany carried out a test flight over Dolmabahçe Palace.

1916.08.13 Dersaadet Commerce Industry and Agriculture Ottoman Company was established.

1916.09.01 The Auspicious Company (Ship Cruise Company) was founded in order to manage ferries in the Gulfs of Thessaloniki and Kesendere and their shoreline.

1916.09.06 The National Import Weighage Corporate Company was founded.

1916.09.11 Ottoman Corporation of Mehmed and Ahmed Abut and Sons National Trade was founded.

1916.09.17 Ottoman Corporation for Shipping Vehicles was founded.

1916.10.02 The School of Fine Arts was moved to its own building from the Museum of the Ancient Orient.

1916.12.09 Darülelhan (Conservatory) was founded.

1917 The first feature films of Turkish cinema Pençe and Casus were shot.

1917.01.01 The National Credit Bank with national capital was founded.

1917.01.01 The male section of the Music Society was opened in Şehzadebaşı in a mansion on Fevziye Street and the female section was opened in another district with an inaugural ceremony.

1917.01.04 The New Ottoman Trade Corporation was founded.

1917.02.03 Ottoman Company for Agriculture Reclamation and Development was established.

1917.02.19 Ottoman Corporation for Büyükada Yacht Club was founded.

1917.03.01 Trade and General Credit Bank was founded with national capital.

1917.03.02 Halit Fahri’s piece Baykuş was staged as the first national play.

1917.03.09 Allied powers bombed Istanbul with planes.

1917.05.29 Ottoman Corporation for Eastern Unity Cinema and Theatre was founded.

1917.06.09 Ottoman Corporation for Mine and Industry Enterprise was founded.

1917.06.12 800 buildings were burned to ashes in Altımermer fire.

1917.06.19 The National Textiles Corporation was established.

1917.07.26 Industry Enterprise Corporation was established.

1917.08.20 The Paper and Printing Corporation was established.

1917.08.23 Ay Yıldız Cement Ottoman Corporation was established.

1917.08.28 Industrial Development Turkish Corporation was founded.

1917.09.06 A building was heavily damaged in an explosion in Haydarpaşa train station.

1917.09.12 The Ottoman Corporation for National Cement was established.

1917.10.15 The German Kaiser Wilhelm came to Istanbul for the third time.

1917.10.18 The Ottoman Corporation for Only Female Items Market was established.

1917.10.23 Ottoman Corporation for Marine and Ground Soldiers Trade was founded.

1917.10.23 The Ottoman Corporation for National Marine Construction was founded.

1917.10.30 Duhan Ottoman Corporation was established.

1917.11.12 Karamürsel Textiles and Trade Corporation was established.

1917.12.22 Ottoman Corporation for National Textiles was founded.

1917.12.23 The Forest Management Company was established.

1917.12.30 Turkey National Insurance Company was established.

1918 More than 14,000 people died due to influenza.

1918 Mair curriership was abolished. Post office and telegram employees founded the Post Office and Telegram Officials Solidarity Society.

1918.01.02 National Forest and Construction Corporation was founded.

1918.01.14 Ottoman Corporation for Fig Farm Improvement and Construction was established.

1918.01.16 The Ottoman National General Insurance Company was established.

1918.01.18 The Mining Industry and Machine Construction Corporation was founded.

1918.01.22 Corporation for Turkish Announcements and Publications was established.

1918.01.22 Ottoman Corporation for Altın Yıldız was founded.

1918.02.10 Sultan Abdülhamid II died in Beylerbeyi Palace and was buried the following day.

1918.02.15 The Ottoman National General Insurance Company was established.

1918.04 The National Finance Bank was founded.

1918.04.07 The Unity National Ottoman Insurance Company was established.

1918.05.19 The Austria-Hungary Emperor Karl and his wife Empress Zita came to Istanbul for 3 days.

1918.06.06 The first Turkish theatre magazine Temaşa, issued by Seyit Tahir, started publication.

1918.06.08 The Ottoman Society for the Fight against Tuberculosis was founded under the presidency of Cemal Pasha.

1918.06.13 Nearly 8,000 buildings burned down in a fire in Fatih (Sultanselim).

1918.07.04 Sultan Mehmed VI, Vahdeddin succeeded to the throne.

1918.07.04 English planes bombed Haydarpaşa Train Station.

1918.07.08 The Finance Corporation was established with national capital.

1918.08.01 Nearly 500 houses burned down in a fire in Vefa.

1918.08.17 The Subsistence Ministry was founded.

1918.08.24 Ottoman Financial Enterprise Corporate Company was founded.

1918.08.25 The Supreme Council of Islam was founded to examine religious problems.

1918.10.18 50 people died in an air attack by enemy planes.

1918.11.13 The occupation of Istanbul started when 55 warships of the Allied states anchored in Haydarpasa.

1918.11.23 Sultan Mehmed VI, Vahdeddin moved from Dolmabahçe Palace to Yıldız Palace.

1918.11.29 The National Congress Association was founded.

1918.12.04 The Wilson’s Principles Society was founded.

1918.12.14 Ottoman Corporation for the Economic Cooperative was founded in Galata.

1918.12.21 Ottoman Parliament was closed on the Sultan’s order.

1918.12.23 The Social Democrat Party was founded.

1919 The Society for Skin and Venereal Diseases was founded.

1919 The first censor on a cinema film was applied to the movie Mürebbiye.

1919 Feriköy İclaliye Sports Club was established.

1919.01.05 Eyüpspor Club was established.

1919.02.19 The Society for the Rise of Islam was established.

1919.02.20 The Socialist Party of Turkey was created.

1919.04.01 Dersaadet Telephone Corporate Ottoman Company was returned to its former owners.

1919.04.10 The funeral of the Boğazlıyan District Head, Kemal Bey, who was executed, turned into a protest march against the government.

1919.05.04 The National Freedom Party was founded.

1919.05.15 Mustafa Kemal met with Sultan Mehmed VI, Vahdeddin at Yıldız Palace.

1919.05.19 The Greek occupation in İzmir was protested in a rally in Fatih.

1919.05.20 The invasion was protested in Üsküdar Doğancılar Rally.

1919.05.22 The Kadıköy Rally protested the Greek invasion.

1919.05.23 The Sultanahmet meeting, which was attended by 150,000-200,000 people, was held against the invasions.

1919.05.28 145 patriotic scholars and statesmen who had been arrested by armies of occupation were exiled to Malta.

1919.08.19 Qajar Shah Ahmad Khan came to Istanbul.

1919.10.10 An Islamic Memorial Service was held at the Blue Mosque for the martyres of Izmir.

1919.10.20 Aksaray Society to Help the Poor was founded to help the victims of fire and immigrants.

1919.12.18 Elections for representative began.

1920 The University for Women was abolished because co-education was about to begin.

1920 The Ittihat and Topkapı Sports Club was established.

1920.01.05 The Green Crescent Society was founded.

1920.01.12 The last Ottoman Parliament held its first meeting.

1920.01.13 10,000 people gathered in Sultanahmet and protested against the invasions.

1920.01.28 The National Pact was accepted.

1920.03.15 150 Turkish scholars were arrested on the orders of the Ally Commander.

1920.03.16 The official invasion of Istanbul began.

1920.03.16 English soldiers killed 6 soldiers with bayonets in their beds in a night attack, because they did not want to surrender Şehzadebaşı Police station.

1920.03.18 Parliament took a break following the occupation of Istanbul.

1920.04.11 Sultan Mehmed VI, Vahdeddin abolished parliament.

1920.07.06 The moderate Freedom and Entente Party was formed.

1920.08.01 The American Hospital was opened in Çarşıkapı.

1920.10.17 Ferit Pasha’s government resigned and it was replaced by Ahmed Tevfik Pasha’s cabinet.

1920.11.03 The Turkish Agriculture Party was founded.

1921 Ali Efendi, Şakir and Kemal (Seden) Siblings founded Cinema Affairs Company in Sirkeci to import movies.

1921 Nearly 600 buildings burned to the ground in a fire in Üsküdar.

1921.07.20 The Kasımpaşa Altındağ Training Area was established.

1921.10.11 The Workers Socialist Party was formed.

1922 The first private movie making business in Turkey, Kemal Film Company, started making films in Feshane.

1922 The construction of Harikzedegân Apartments for the victims of the 1918 fire was completed.

1922 Occupation forces banned the showing of Boğaziçi Esrarı-Nur Baba, directed by Muhsin Ertuğrul and based on Yakup Kadri’s book Nur Baba.

1922.03.23 The Fire Fighting Troops First Commander, Pullet Ödön Szechenyi Pasha, passed away.

1922.06.05 The French writer, Claude Farrére, came to Istanbul.

1922.09.09 25,000 attended the Islamic ceremony at the Hagia Sophia as the Turks re-took Izmir.

1922.09.22 Damad Ferid Pasha escaped to Nice clandestinely.

1922.09.30 The Toronto Daily Star reporter, Ernest Hemingway, came to Istanbul.

1922.10.06 Bekirağa Bölüğü Prison in Beyazıt was closed.

1922.10.07 Esat Bey was appointed as Governor of Istanbul.

1922.10.19 The Commissioner of the Ankara Government, Refet Pasha, came to Istanbul.

1922.11.01 Sultan Vahdeddin’s title as sultan was dropped due to the abolition of the sultanate.

1922.11.04 Takvîm-i Vekāyi‘s last issue was published.

1922.11.07 The Sublime Porte was officially emptied.

1922.11.10 Sultan Vahdeddin held his last Friday greeting.

1922.11.17 Sultan Vahdeddin left Istanbul accompanied by Malaya armored vehicles.

1922.11.18 The Supreme Council of Islam was abolished.

1922.11.22 Selahaddin Adil Pasha was appointed as the Istanbul Commander of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA).

1922.11.24 The Allegiance ceremony for the new caliphate Abdülmecid Efendi was held at the chamber of Hırka-i Saadet (Muhammed’s cloak).

1923 The Istanbul Workers Organizations United Council was founded.

1923 The French airways company Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne (CFRNA) started providing air mail between Istanbul and Bucharest.

1923 The German urban planning expert Dr. Rahtree prepared the city plan.

1923 The Istanbul Tuberculosis Control Dispensary was opened.

1923 Istanbul Physicians Friendship and Solidarity Society (Turkish Physicians Friendship and Solidarity Society as of 1935) was founded.

1923 Safiye Ali opened a clinic as the first Turkish female physician.

1923.01.01 Turkey’s first football federation, the Training Societies Alliance of Turkey was founded.

1923.04.15 Ali Haydar (Yuluğ) Bey, who was appointed as the first governor of the Republican era, was also commissioned to the municipality.

1923.06.05 550 Greek and 250 Muslim houses, 100 stores, 1 mosque, 2 churches and some official buildings burned to the ground in a fire in Şile.

1923.06.06 Mustafa Kemal Pasha was proclaimed a “native citizen” by the Municipality.

1923.06.16 The first women’s party was formed under Nezihe Muhiddin’s presidency by the name Women’s People Party.

1923.06.23 Darülfünun (University) gave Mustafa Kemal the title of professor.

1923.06.28 Elections were held to determine Istanbul representatives.

1923.06.29 In General Harrington Cup games, Fenerbahçe defeated the occupation forces by 2-1 and won the cup.

1923.07.10 The Greek Patriarch Metaksakis escaped to Greece.

1923.07.10 The Military Academy was founded.

1923.09.14 A Conservatory which had been closed for seven years was reopened.

1923.09.25 The occupation forces gave Haydarpaşa-Gebze railway to Turkey.

1923.09.25 The firefighting organization became civilian after being linked to the municipality.

1923.09.28 The occupation forces gave Istanbul Port back to Turkey.

1923.10.06 The occupation forces left Istanbul.

1923.10.07 Martial law and press censorship were lifted.

1923.10.13 Istanbul transferred the capital city to Ankara.

1923.10.26 The first national football game between Turkey and Romania was in Taksim Stadium. The score was draw, 2-2.

1923.12.05 The Turing and Automobile Institution of Turkey was founded.

1923.12.06 Gregoire VII was elected as the Patriarch of Fener.

1923.12.11 The Istanbul Independence Court started working.

1923.12.20 The ban on men and women travelling together on public transportation was abolished.

1924.01.18 The Congress of the National Turkish Commerce Union convened.

1924.01.30 The activities of the Istanbul Independence Court came to an end.

1924.02.05 The name of the Ottoman Ships Directorate was changed to Turkey Ships Directorate.

1924.02.07 The Turkish Women’s Union was founded.

1924.02.14 Junkers Plane Company carried out the first scheduled air mail flight between Istanbul and Ankara.

1924.02.23 The use of wardens and people from mansions was ended in fire notices.

1924.02.29 The Caliph Abdülmecid held his last Friday greeting.

1924.03.03 It was decided that the Caliphate should be abolished and that the Ottoman Dynasty should be exiled.

1924.03.03 With The Law on Unification of Education no. 430, it was decided that foundations’ libraries, mosque and madrasa libraries would be gathered under one center.

1924.04.03 Topkapı Palace was turned into a museum.

1924.04.12 The first official passenger plane from Paris arrived in Istanbul.

1924.04.20 Beyoğlu, Çatalca and Üsküdar became cities with a Constitution.

1924.05.07 Yunus Nadi’s Cumhuriyet newspaper started publication.

1924.05.15 The New Painting Society founded by students from the School of Fine Arts opened their first exhibition in 1923.

1924.05.19 The Haliç Conference convened.

1924.07.23 A sleeping car service from Istanbul to Ankara started operating.

1924.08.02 Neighbourhood water pumping was banned.

1924.08.06 400 houses were destroyed and the material damage in the flooding disasters in Anatolia and Rumelia exceeded 500,000.

1924.08.15 Heybeliada Sanatorium was opened with 50 beds.

1924.08.17 Turks who were part of the population exchange with Greece held a meeting in Sultanahmet Square.

1924.09 The French airway company CFRNA was given the authority to start an Istanbul-Ankara service during a 3-month trial period.

1924.09 The first issue of the monthly Istanbul Municipality Magazine was published.

1924.09.29 The post of headastrologer ended with the death of the last head astrologer, Hüseyin Hilmi Efendi.

1924.10.16 Topkapı Palace Museum was opened.

1924.10.24 A large ceremony for the first anniversary of the Republic was held. Mustafa Kemal Street between Aksaray-Yenikapı was opened for use.

1925.01.18 Topkapı Palace was linked to the Museums Directorate; Dolmabahçe and Beylerbeyi palaces to the National Palaces Directorate.

1925.01.30 The Patriarch Constantine IV was deported.

1925.02.18 The last official chronicler Abdurrahman Şeref Bey passed away.

1925.02.21 Istanbul Trade Stock Market started operating in Şark Han in Galata.

1925.03.04 With the Law on the Maintenance of Order, the publications of Tevhîd-i Efkâr, Tanin, Vatan, Millet, İstiklal, Son Telgraf, Aydınlık, Sebîlürreşâd and Orak Çekiç were ended on the grounds that they opposed the Republic.

1925.03.31 The libraries not included in the Law on Unification of Education were transferred to the Ministry of Education.

1925.07.13 Basil III was elected as the Greek Patriarch of Fener.

1925.08.25 The foundations for Mustafa Kemal’s statue, which was the first statue of the Republican era, were laid in Sarayburnu.

1925.09.02 Dervish lodges and tombs were closed.

1925.09.09 Air Transportation Regulation was issued.

1925.09.10 92 buildings burned down in a fire in Heybeliada.

1925.10.05 The first gold of the Republican Era was issued in Istanbul.

1926 The Conservatory was renamed as the Istanbul City Theatres.

1926 The Turkish Post Office made an agreement with France and Aero Espresso Italiana and started its Istanbul-Paris, Istanbul-Rome trips.

1926 The first water refinement facilities were built on the hillside of Kâğıthane.

1926.01.22 Muhittin (Üstündağ) Bey became the governor and mayor of Istanbul.

1926.02.19 Sugar scarcity arose in Istanbul.

1926.03.01 Vodka was banned in Istanbul.

1926.05.19 Karagümrük İdman Yurdu Sports Club was established.

1926.06.26 With the Civil Organization Law, the cities of Beyoğlu, Çatalca and Üsküdar were abolished and turned into districts. Bakırköy district was also established.

1926.08.01 Italian Aero Espresso Italiana (AEI) Company started carrying passengers with seaplanes between Istanbul (Büyükdere)-Athens-Brindisi and Istanbul (Büyükdere)-Athens-Rhodes.

1926.09.08 Istanbul Radio’s wireless privilege was given to the Turkish Wireless Telephone Corporation.

1926.10.03 The statue of Mustafa Kemal was unveiled in Sarayburnu.

1926.12.09 The Turkish music education came to an end at the Conservatory.

1927 The office of Head Astrologer was abolished and the office of Head Muvakkit was introduced. Ahmed Ziya (Akbulut) was appointed.

1927.01.06 4 of the policemen who went to investigate the conflict between Istanbul Port Company and the bargemen were injured and 34 bargemen were arrested.

1927.01.22 The Conservatory was linked to the Municipality under the name Istanbul Music Conservatory.

1927.03.06 Süreyya Cinema was opened.

1927.03.21 The Union of Mothers convened in Istanbul.

1927.04.10 Cadde-i Kebir was named İstiklal Street.

1927.04.21 It was announced that 180 people committed suicide in Istanbul during the previous 3 months.

1927.04.27 The first of the 4 Renault-Scemia buses bought from France came to Istanbul by ship.

1927.05.06 The first programmed radio broadcast in Turkey was held at the Big Post Office building in Sirkeci.

1927.05.23 Haydarpaşa Port was transferred to the Railroads Directorate.

1927.06.15 Istanbul Mental Diseases and Neurology Hospital started operating in Bakırköy.

1927.07.01 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk came to Istanbul for the first time as as president.

1927.08.23 More than 300 buildings burned down in a fire that lasted 5 hours. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk started an aid campaign.

1927.09.25 The Armenian Patriarch Mesrob Naoroyan began his office.

1927.09.30 After conducting three months of meetings in Istanbul, Atatürk left the city.

1927.10.14 Turkey defeated Bulgaria by 3-1 in the national football match in Istanbul.

1927.10.21 Tramway Company started its first trips between Beyazıt-Eminönü.

1927.10.28 The population of Istanbul was estimated at 704,825 according to a census.

1928 The districts of Eminönü and Fatih were established.

1928 The Federation of Turkish Music Societies was founded.

1928.01.09 Kartal, Beyköz and Silivri districts were founded.

1928.02.19 Üsküdar, Kısıklı, Alemdağı Public Tramways Turkish Corporate Company was founded.

1928.05.09 The law on running ferries between Sirkeci and Haydarpaşa was issued.

1928.05.19 The Afgan King Amanullah Khan came to Istanbul.

1928.06.05 Mustafa Kemal Pasha came to Istanbul.

1928.06.07 Tramway trips started between Üsküdar and Kısıklı.

1928.06.15 Süreyya Operet started its stage plays.

1928.07.14 Muhittin Üstündağ became the governor and the mayor.

1928.08.08 The Taksim Monument of the Republic was opened.

1928.08.09 Mustafa Kemal announced in Gülhane Park that Latin letters were to be adopted.

1928.08.11 The Language Commission came to Istanbul from Ankara and continued their work there.

1928.10.07 Tramway workers started a strike that would last 8 days.

1928.12.01 Foreign state embassies in Istanbul moved to Ankara.

1928.12.04 The Word Compilation Commission convened.

1928.12.26 Six workers died from electrocution in Kâğıthane.

1929 The Istanbul Branch and Library of the German Archeology Institute was opened.

1929.01.01 The Anatolia railway line and Haydarpaşa port were nationalized.

1929.01.21 500 houses, 1 school, houses of priests and the Tatavla Club building burned down in a fire in Tatavla (Şişli/ Kurtuluş district of later times).

1929.01.28 An automobile mounting factory was established in Tophane as a result of an agreement with the Ford company.

1929.02.12 Leon Trotski, who was one of the leaders of the Soviet Revolution, came to Istanbul.

1929.03.01 The Golden Horn froze due to cold weather and the ice covering the Bosphorus interfered with sea traffic.

1929.03.03 The Greek Ta Hronika newspaper was closed on the grounds that its publication was anti-Turk.

1929.03.09 The Publishing School was opened.

1929.04.15 The School of Tailoring was opened.

1929.05.12 The first Doctors Day was celebrated in Haydarpaşa Medical Faculty.

1929.05.25 The Fourth International Agencies Congress convened.

1929.05.28 Bus transport between Harbiye and Beşiktaş began.

1929.06.01 A night shelter dormitory at the Sultanahmet Madrasa was opened for orphan children.

1929.06.01 Drivers who reacted to the reduction in cab prices by the municipality went on a three-day strike.

1929.07.01 The first intercity phone call in Turkey took place between Ankara and Istanbul.

1929.08.11 Turkish National Products Exhibition, which would last 2 weeks, was opened in Galatasaray High School.

1929.09.02 Feriha Tevfik Hanım came first in the beauty contest that took place in the upstairs of Cumhuriyet newspaper.

1929.10.03 The first sports magazine published in modern Turkish, Turkspor, started publication.

1929.10.07 Totias was appointed to the Greek Patriarch to replace the deceased Vasilios.

1929.10.30 The Military Museum was inaugurated.

1929.12.02 Yalova district was founded with law number 1533.

1929.12.12 Üsküdar-Haydarpaşa and Bağlarbaşı-Haydarpaşa tramway lines started operating.

1930 The Istanbul Archeology Institute was founded by Albert Gabriel.

1930.02.15 Dârülbedâyi, the first theatre magazine of the Republican era, started publication.

1930.03.23 The districts of Beşiktaş, Kadıköy and Sarıyer were established.

1930.05.05 The Turkish Post Office made an agreement with Lufthansa and started a mail service between Istanbul and Berlin.

1930.05.31 The International Tourism Congress was held at the Dolmabahçe Palace.

1930.06.01 The toll fee charge to pass over Galata Bridge was abolished.

1930.08.12 The Liberal Republican Party was founded in Istanbul. It abolished itself on 17 November.

1930.08.31 The Municipality and Governor’s office merged.

1930.09.27 Turkey’s first civilian aviator, Vecihi Bey (Hürkuş), flew from Göztepe to Yeşilköy to Ankara with the plane that he built called VECIHI XIV.

1930.10.05 Kâğıthane Brook flooded and the area between Eyüp and Aksaray was under water.

1930.12.01 The Public Debt Administration building was emptied.

1931.01.18 7 people died in an explosion at Agopyan Han in Galata.

1931.02.20 Dersaadet Tramway Company was renamed as the Istanbul Tramway Company.

1931.03.01 Arap İzzet Pasha Pavilion where Trotski stayed in Büyükada burned down.

1931.03.03 It was decided at the Barbers Congress in Istanbul that barber shops would not open on Fridays.

1931.03.31 A memorial ceremony was held at the Süleymaniye Mosque commemorating the 340th Anniversary of the Architect Sinan.

1931.04.26 The Mecidiyeköy Liqueur and Cognac Factory was opened.

1931.07.17 Turkey’s first swimming pool was opened in Büyükdere.

1931.10.18 Istanbul was connected to Europe by the Istanbul-Sofia phone line.

1931.10.20 The Balkan Conference that would last 1 week started.

1931.12.01 The first Turkish talking picture, İstanbul Sokaklarında, was released.

1931.12.24 Turkey’s first civilian aviation club, Aero Kulüp, was founded.

1932 The Istanbul Regional Health Inspection Center was established.

1932.01.30 The first Turkish call to prayer was carried out by Hafız Rıfat Bey at Fatih Mosque.

1932.02.05 The first Turkish sermon was given at Süleymaniye Mosque.

1932.04.30 It was decided that Jansen would draw a plan of the city.

1932.05.13 Galatasaray defeated Fenerbahce by 2-1 in the opening ceremony of Fenerbahçe Stadium.

1932.05.15 The Balkan Tobacco Conference convened.

1932.06.06 Fenerbahçe’s club building in Kurbağalıdere burned down.

1932.06.17 The first car race was held between İstinye and Zincirlikuyu.

1932.07.06 Fenerbahçe Stadium became the property of the team.

1932.07.27 An Italian group of tourists arrived in the city.

1932.08.12 Regular sailing races started taking place.

1932.08.26 Istanbul group became the champions in the first swimming competition in Büyükdere.

1932.09.26 Vecihi Hürkuş opened a private aviation school in Yeşilköy.

1932.09.26 The First Turkish Language Congress convened at Dolmabahçe Palace.

1933 Şeref Stadium, which was Beşiktaş Gymnastic Club’s first stadium and which was built in Çıragan Palace’s garden, was inaugurated.

1933 The building of the Public Debt Administrationwas allocated to Istanbul Boys High School on Ataturk’s order.

1933.02.03 The first flight took place between Istanbul and Ankara. Flights officially began on April 15th.

1933.04.02 The Turkish Orthodox Leader Ope Eftim held a service in Turkish for the first time.

1933.04.15 Scheduled flights between Istanbul and Ankara officially began.

1933.05.15 The Russian writer Maxim Gorky came to Istanbul.

1933.05.20 The State Administration Directorate of Airlines was founded.

1933.05.27 The Istanbul Water Directorate (İSİ) was founded.

1933.07.01 The Ship Cruises Directorate of Turkey was annulled and Maritime Lines Directorate, Pools and Factories Directorate and AKAY Business were founded.

1933.07.31 Istanbul Darülfünun was abolished and converted into Istanbul University.

1933.10.08 Yugoslav King Alexander and his wife Marie visited Mustafa Kemal in Istanbul.

1933.12.03 The Court House in Sultanahmet burned down.

1934.02.17 Turkey’s Bottle and Glass Factories Corporation was established.

1934.02.26 The Municipality had cages in houses removed.

1934.06.28 The Iranian Shah Rıza Pahlavi visited Istanbul.

1934.06.29 The oldest man in the world, Zaro Agha, died in Istanbul at 157 years old.

1934.07.20 The first live game coverage on radio was given by Eşref Şefik for Fenerbahce-Austria WAC game.

1934.07.27 Süreyya Pasha Pavilion in İçerenköy burned down.

1934.08.09 Swimming was banned except at sea baths and beaches.

1934.08.13 Bakırköy Cloth Factory was opened.

1934.08.18 The Second Turkish Language Congress convened at Dolmabahçe Salonu.

1934.09.02 Kadıköy to Üsküdar tramways started working.

1934.09.24 International Parliaments Conference convened in Yıldız Palace.

1934.11.17 It was decided that national operas would be staged at the City Theatre in order to increase appreciation for national music.

1934.11.24 The Hagia Sophia Mosque was converted into a museum.

1935.01.01 The Istanbul Port Company was bought by the state.

1935.01.04 Çemberlitaş and the city walls were damaged in an earthquake.

1935.02.01 The Hagia Sophia Museum was opened for visits. Mustafa Kemal visited the Museum on February 6th.

1935.03.14 The Darülaceze (Poor House) was renamed the Workhouse.

1935.04.18 The International Women’s Union held its 12th meeting in Istanbul.

1935.08.14 Florya Atatürk Pavilion was opened for use after its construction was completed.

1935.10.01 The first children’s play, İlk Tiyatro Dersi by M. Kemal Küçük, was staged at the Istanbul City Theatre.

1935.10.20 According to census results, the population of Istanbul was 758,488.

1935.10.23 A protest against Ataturk’s assassination was held in Beyazıt and Üsküdar.

1935.11.29 The Paşabahçe Bottle and Glass Factory was opened.

1936 Istanbul Municipality signed a 2-year contract with urban planner Henri Prost.

1936 Alibeyköyü Youth Club was established.

1936.01.25 All coastwise shipping was given to Maritime Lines Directorate by agreement with the Ferry Company.

1936.02.06 Istanbul Flower Stock Market was opened in Şişhane.

1936.02.07 The General Press Directorate requested folk songs to be played on Istanbul Radio.

1936.02.12 Buildings were demolished, ships sank and Unkapanı Bridge was torn apart in a blizzard.

1936.04.09 Istanbul Telephone Company was bought by the state.

1936.05.15 Eyüp district was founded.

1936.05.25 Regular air carriage started between Ankara and Istanbul.

1936.06.10 Istanbul’s phone lines and central offices at Dersaadet Phone Company were bought by the Turkish Post Office with operating rights.

1936.08.24 The Third Turkish Language Congress convened at Dolmabahçe Palace.

1936.09 The first plane factory (Plane Research Atelier) was founded in Beşiktaş by Nuri Demirağ.

1936.09.02 The Balkan Festival was held at Beylerbeyi Palace.

1936.09.04 The English King Edward VIII came to Istanbul.

1936.09.04 Istanbul Radio was bought by the state and linked to Istanbul Post Office Directorate.

1936.09.07 The Military Academy was transferred to Ankara as a military school.

1936.09.09 State period started with the first radio program prepared by Post Office management.

1936.10.07 The last Ottoman Grand Vizier, Tevfik Pasha, passed away.

1936.10.23 Flies invaded Istanbul.

1936.11.05 The School of Civil Service was moved to Ankara and became the School of Political Science.

1936.12.27 Mehmet Akif Ersoy passed away.

1937 The Firefighting School was opened.

1937.01.01 Şark Railroads Company, which managed the railroads on the European side, was expropriated. The first train left for Edirne from Sirkeci. The suburb lines of Anatolia and Europe were completely expropriated.

1937.02.18 Shipping with donkeys was banned.

1937.02.27 Belkıs, the first Turkish ship built through private enterprise, was lowered into the sea.

1937.06.17 Kadıköy Water Company was nationalized.

1937.08.30 The first plane flight took place between Istanbul and Bucharest.

1937.09.20 Istanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum was opened by Ataturk.

1937.09.20 The Second Turkish History Congress began in Istanbul.

1937.09.27 The Istanbul-Lüleburgaz portion of the Istanbul-Edirne-London road was opened.

1937.12.02 Hatay Rally was held in Beyazıt Square.

1938 AKAY was abolished and replaced with the City Lines Directorate.

1938.01.01 City Lines Directorate was transferred to Denizbank.

1938.01.22 Yalova Termal Hotel was opened and the first guest was Atatürk.

1938.03.31 Istanbul Stock Market took a break for 3 years.

1938.04.14 Üsküdar and Kadıköy Water Company was bought by the state.

1938.04.29 Henri Prost’s suburb plans were approved.

1938.05.23 The Istanbul Electricity Company was nationalized.

1938.05.27 President Atatürk came to Istanbul for the last time.

1938.05.30 Airways State Business Directoate was renamed the State Airways General Directorate (DHY).

1938.06.01 Savarona yacht anchored in front of Dolmabahçe.

1938.06.19 Atatürk met with the Romanian King Karol in Savarona.

1938.06.20 The Cabinet convened in Savarona.

1938.08.30 Artisan Hospital was opened.

1938.09.27 Preveze Sea Victory was commemorated on its 400th anniversary at Barbarossa’s grave.

1938.11.10 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk passed away in Dolmabahçe Palace.

1938.11.17 11 people died and more than 40 people were injured in the crowd during the visits to Atatürk’s catafalque.

1938.11.19 After the funeral prayer, Atatürk’s body was sent to Ankara.

1938.11.29 Lütfi Kırdar was appointed as governor and mayor.

1939 Dolmabahçe Palace Theatre was demolished due to the road works.

1939.01.28 The Istanbul Tramway Company was nationalized.

1939.03.01 Tunnel was bought for 175,000 lira and nationalized.

1939.03.03 As a result of a fire in Ata Atabek, Tevfik Temel, Mercimekyan, Kısmet, Dilsizzade, Teudros and at Turkish Trade Inns, the material damage was about 12,000,000.

1939.03.25 Eight people died when a building in Kurtuluş collapsed.

1939.05.19 The foundation was laid for İnönü Stadium.

1939.06.16 Istanbul Electricity Tramway and Tunnel Businesses General Directorate (İETT) was founded.

1939.06.16 Tunnel was transferred to IETT.

1939.07.01 Denizbank, which had City Lines Directorate within its body, was transferred to State Maritime Lines and Ports Management General Directorate.

1939.07.10 İnkılap Museum was opened in Beyazıt.

1939.07.15 Taksim Gezisi was opened.

1939.08.19 A passive defense drill was carried out.

1939.09.05 Museums in Istanbul were closed due to the World War II.

1939.09.09 Taksim Stadium was illuminated and the first night game in football history was played.

1939.10.29 Atatürk Bridge over the Golden Horn was opened.

1939.12.27 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) was closed.

1939.12.31 Regular plane trips between Istanbul and Berlin started.

1940.01.30 The fight with lice started against the typhus epidemic.

1940.05.01 162 foreigners who worked in bars and entertainment places were asked to leave the country.

1940.05.05 Six people died as a result of a bomb explosion from the Independence War in the Kurna village of Kartal.

1940.05.19 The foundations were laid for İnönü Stadium.

1940.07.04 İETT bus burned down in Taksim so the number of the buses decreased to three.

1940.08.02 Sarıyer Sports Club was established.

1940.08.04 Taksim Casino, which was built in the Municipality, was opened to provide people with cheap entertainment.

1940.10.07 Nuri Demirağ’s plane manufactured in his Yeşilköy Factory flew from Istanbul to Divrigi and back again.

1940.10.20 Istanbul’s population was calculated at 815,638.

1940.10.28 New electricity and water facilities started operating in Kâğıthane.

1940.11.22 A state of siege was announced in and around Istanbul as the Germans entered the Balkans and war worries heightened.

1940.11.22 For safety precautions, motorized private vehicles were banned from the streets.

1941 The Maritime Bank Hospital was opened.

1941 Çukurbostan (Karagümrük) Stadium was rented by Vefa Sports Club.

1941.01.23 The first Turkish Caricature Exhibition was opened.

1941.03.10 Ferah Cinema was completely burned down.

1941.03.11 Four people died in a bomb attact against Pera Palace Hotel where the former English ambassador to Sofia, Rendell, was staying. The ambassador was saved.

1941.04.01 The Istanbul Stock Market started operating again after a three-year break.

1941.04.15 Haliç Ferries Company was transferred to the Ministry of Transportation.

1941.05.01 After it was decided that people who wanted to go to Anatolia due to the war would not be charged on trains or ferries, the first group left Istanbul.

1941.06.26 The Turkish Postal Service started air transfers and shipping parcels from Istanbul.

1941.07.02 Haliç Ferries Company was transferred to the State Maritime Lines Business.

1941.07.14 The German Ambassador, von Papen, held a reception in Tarabya in honor of Turkish politicians and officers.

1941.07.15 The number of pages in newspapers was limited to four.

1941.08.20 The Tunnel broke down and remained closed until December because a spare piece could not be obtained.

1941.09.22 The Patriarchate was partly damaged, 92 houses, 2 mosques and 1 masjid burned down in a fire at the Fener Greek Patriarchate.

1942.01.14 Bread started to be sold with a ration card.

1942.02.23 Çankaya motor was sunk by a Russian submarine in the Bosphorus.

1942.02.24 Struma, which carried Jews who had escaped from the Nazis, was sunk by a Soviet submarine and 769 Jews died.

1942.02.28 Zeynep Hanım Mansion was burned in Vezneciler.

1942.03.03 The Turkish Painters and Sculptors Society was founded.

1942.05.22 4 people died while they were waiting at Aksaray tramway station when a practice missile dropped.

1942.06.15 It was decided that Mustafa Kemal’s house in Şişli be turned into a museum.

1942.08.25 4,500 tons of wheat imported from the USA arrived at the port in Istanbul.

1942.09.24 Çamlıca Wood was bought by the state.

1942.09.30 IETT’s three buses were removed, therefore the first bus team disappeared..

1942.10 There were floods in Karagümrük, Malta, Eyüp, Kasımpaşa, Nişantaşı and Beşiktaş.

1942.12.11 Six soup kitchens were opened in different districts for the poor and unemployed.

1942.12.18 Capital Tax payers were announced.

1943 The Tramway Company for Üsküdar to Kadıköy and the Vicinity started working with 5 buses.

1943.02.25 Talat Paşa’s body, which had been brought from Germany to Istanbul, was buried on Hürriyet-i Ebediye Hill.

1943.02.26 Atatürk Boulevard connecting Unkapanı to Yenikapı was opened.

1943.02.26 People who did not pay capital tax were sent to Aşkale.

1943.04.03 İETT opened 24 Scania-Vabis and Gasoile White buses for business on three different lines.

1943.06.07 Some cinemas were closed in the fight against typhus.

1943.09.10 More than 200 stores burned down in a fire at the Grand Bazaar.

1943.09.17 It was decided that the Capital Tax should be abolished and that the debt that was not collected should be erased.

1943.09.18 Yıldız Park was opened.

1943.11.20 Istanbul Technical University was founded.

1943.12 The first issue of the bi-weekly Istanbul magazine, which was produced by Istanbul community centers, was published.

194306.01 Istanbul Radio started a trial broadcast under Vedat Nedim Tör’s presidency.

1944.03 Istanbul Radio took a break from broadcasting.

1944.03.25 The Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha monument in Beşiktaş was opened by İsmet Inönü.

1944.05.25 Nuri Demirağ’s first plane flew from Istanbul to Ankara.

1944.06.19 Baltalimanı Bone and Joint Tuberculosis Hospital opened.

1944.07.01 The Auspicious Company was transferred to State Maritime Lines Enterprise City Lines Directorate, it was completely abolished on January 15, 1945.

1944.08.28 The last 141 Germans who came to Istanbul due to the war were sent back.

1944.09.07 Turan trial started at the Istanbul Military Commission.

1944.09.09 Yapı Kredi Bank was put into operation.

1944.11 The first fascicule of Istanbul Encyclopedia prepared by Reşat Ekrem Koçu was issued with the support of the merchant Cemal Çaltı.

1944.11.03 Private automobiles were banned from the streets.

1944.11.11 The Bebek-İstinye Road opened.

1945 Sümerbank Central Hospital was opened.

1945 Turkish Postal Service Hospital was opened.

1945 Istanbul Municipality City Orchestra was founded.

1945.03.13 Istanbul’s five-year public improvement plan was approved.

1945.03.23 Primary schools had a 12-day break due to a flu epidemic.

1945.07 The Association for the Fight Against Disrespect was founded under the presidency of Zeki Zeren.

1945.08.19 The New Literature Museum was opened in Aşiyan.

1945.09.07 The Istanbul Military Commission sued 23 Turan supporters.

1945.09.09 Belediye İmar (Municipality of Public Improvements) Bank was opened.

1945.10.21 Istanbul’s population was estimated at 809,050.

1945.11.11 The foundations were laid for the Istanbul Radio House in Harbiye.

1945.12.04 Anti-communist university students damaged Tan newspaper, La Turquie and Yeni Dünya printing houses and some bookstores.

1945.12.13 Istanbul Philharmonic Association held their first concert.

1946.02.20 Maksimos was elected as the Patriarch of Fener.

1946.03.08 Süreyya Beach was opened in Küçükyalı.

1946.04.05 The Ambassador Münir Ertegün died in Washington in 1944 and his body was brought back to Istanbul on the USS Missouri battleship.

1946.05.14 The Socialist Party of Turkey was founded in Istanbul.

1946.05.29 The foundations of the Atatük Cultural Center, designed by the architects Feridun Kip and Rüknettin Güney, were laid.

1946.06.17 The Turkish Workers and Peasants Socialist Party was established in Istanbul.

1946.08 Istanbul Technical University Radio, the first private radio of Turkey, started its broadcast with classical music.

1946.08.02 The Maçka-Dolmabahçe road was opened.

1947.01.03 The new building at Heybeliada Sanatorium was inaugurated.

1947.01.13 The Union of Teachers was established.

1947.04.06 By-elections were held in Istanbul.

1947.08.03 The open air theatre was inaugurated.

1947.11.27 İnönü Stadium was opened.

1947.12.22 Martial law, which had lasted for seven years, was lifted.

1948.01.06 The State School of Ballet was opened in Yeşilköy.

1948.02.04 The Freemason Society, the activities of which were suspended in 1935, started operating again.

1948.04.01 The Fine Arts Academy in Fındıklı (Cemile Sultan Sarayı) was burned down.

1948.04.23 Topkapı Palace Museum and Istanbul Archeology Museum, which had been closed due to the war, were re-opened.

1948.05.01 Sedat Simavi started the publication of the Hürriyet newspaper.

1948.06.27 The flood disaster that hit Çatalca and Silivri took eight lives.

1948.09.27 The Naval Museum was opened for visits.

1948.11.01 New York Archbishop Athenagoras acquired Turkish citizenship and became the Patriarch of Fener.

1948.11.22 The Istanbul Economic Congress began and lasted five days.

1949 Yedikule Tuberculosis Hospital was opened, which was later transformed into Yedikule Hospital for Chest Diseases.

1949 Bakırköy Sports Club was founded.

1949.01.31 2 pilots died in a plane crash at Veliefendi Field.

1949.03.02 35 people, including six firemen and the owner Nuri Killigil, died in a fire at an ammunition plant in Sütlüce. Istanbul Radio was inaugurated by the President İsmet Inönü.

1949.07.09 56 people died in a fire on Çorum boat at Galata Dock.

1949.07.22 The foundations of Turkey’s first lightbulb factory were laid in Topkapı.

1949.07.31 Spectators set fire to the tribunes and the referee room of Veliefendi Hippodrome, claiming they were cheated at horse racing bets.

1949.08.18 Kartal Sports Club was founded.

1949.10.24 Fahrettin Kerim Gökay was assigned governor and mayor.

1949.11.19 Istanbul Radio started to broadcast regularly with 150 KW power in its own building located in Harbiye.

1950.01.06 Fifteen shops were burned at the Used Books Bazaar.

1950.01.29 The first postwar tourist group arrived.

1950.03.01 Tombs of historical and architectural value were allowed to re-open.

1950.04.12 100,000 people attended the funeral of Marshall Fevzi Çakmak.

1950.05.03 Ali Naci Karacan started the publication of Milliyet newspaper.

1950.06.16 The ban on the call to prayer in Arabic was lifted.

1950.07.28 Istanbul Conquest Society was founded.

1950.09.01 The Eyüp Sultan Tomb was opened to visitors.

1950.10.22 According to the population census, Istanbul’s population was 1,002,085.

1951 Paşabahçe SSK (Social Security Institution) Hospital was opened.

1951 Koşuyolu Tuberculosis Hospital opened.

1951.01.03 Bayar and Menderes paid a visit to Bulgarian immigrants.

1951.03.11 Karakin Hachadorian was assigned to the Armenian Patriarchate.

1951.04.02 The first bread factory was opened in Sütlüce.

1951.06.22 İnönü Stadium was renamed Mithatpaşa Stadium.

1951.06.22 Midhat Paşa’s tomb in Arabia was transferred to Hürriyet-i Abide Hill.

1951.07.12 The foundations of the Istanbul Courthouse were laid in Sultanahmet.

1951.07.12 A boat carrying Jewish immigrants and a cityline boat sank in Sarayburnu, taking 8 lives.

1951.07.20 7 people died in a flood.

1951.08.31 The Fortieth Global Parliamentary Conference was held in Istanbul.

1951.09.15 The International Congress of Orientalists started and lasted a week.

1951.10.11 İlim Yayma Cemiyeti (Society for the Spread of Knowledge) was founded.

1951.12.16 A car plunged into the sea in Bebek, killing all 5 people inside.

1951.12.30 Süreyyapaşa Hospital for Chest Diseases started operating.

1952 Sultanahmet and Eyüp SSK Hospitals were opened.

1952.01.05 The Istanbul Professional Football League began.

1952.01.05 The Istanbul Professional Football League began.

1952.02.05 The Istanbul Chamber of Industry was established.

1952.03.01 The General Directorate for Operating State Maritime Lines and Ports became affiliated to the Turkish Maritime Bank.

1952.05.30 The separation of the Chambers of Agriculture and Industry led to the creation of the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce.

1952.06.08 King Paul of Greece and Queen Frederica came to Istanbul.

1952.07.09 The first TV broadcast was aired in the Taşkışla Facility of Istanbul Technical University.

1952.09.20 The Başmuvakkitlik Institution* was abolished. (*This institution’s duty was to determine the time for prayers and other religious activities).

1952.10.03 The reparation and construction of the Used Books Bazaar was completed and the Bazaar was opened in its current location.

1953 Haydarpaşa Tuberculosis Hospital was opened.

1953.08.01 Yeşilköy Airport, which met international standards, was opened.

1953.08.15 Zeytinburnu Youth Sports Club was founded.

1953.11 The first issue of the monthly Istanbul magazine by A. Turgut Atasoy was published.

1953.11.19 Four people died in the clash of two suburban trains in Kazlıçeşme.

1953.12.03 The Mosaic Museum was opened for visits.

1953.12.17 The foundations of the City Hall were laid.

1954 Üsküdar-Kadıköy and Aerial Tramways Company was liquidated and joined İETT.

1954 Yeşilköy-Çekmece train route was made a double track.

1954.02.14 The Turkey-Iran Friendship Association was founded.

1954.02.24 Masses of ice floating from the Danube River clogged the Bosphorus, causing sea traffic to come to a halt.

1954.03.10 The district of Şişli was founded.

1954.04.01 Migros was established.

1954.07.04 The first football match between two women’s teams was played at the Dolmabahçe Stadium.

1954.10.01 A public bus plunged into the sea in Emirgan, killing 4 passengers.

1954.11.10 The first sea buses were constructed in İstinye Shipyard.

1954.11.26 A fire in the Grand Bazaar caused damage to 2/3 of the Bazaar and 1506 shops burned down.

1955.02.09 The Municipality of Istanbul signed a protocol with vessel boats, overseeing their activities.

1955.03.16 The Anatolian Side of Üsküdar and the Aerial Tramway Service (Üsküdar-Kadıköy Public Tramways Company) was transferred to İETT.

1955.05.21 DHY was divided into Turkish Airlines (THY) and State Airports Administration (DHMİ).

1955.06.03 Elmalı 2 Dam was opened.

1955.06.10 Turkey’s first five-star hotel Istanbul Hilton opened.

1955.07.27 Two people died in a hurricane.

1955.08.18 A disasterous flood hit the European side.

1955.09.05 The first Courthouse block opened to service.

1955.09.06 Protests against Greece turned into the plundering of Greek goods; marchial law was proclaimed.

1955.09.11 A support committee was formed for the victims of September 6th and 7th under the auspices of President Bayar.

1955.10.23 According to the population census, Istanbul’s population was 1,297,372.

1955.12.04 Turkey’s first electric train started operating on the Sirkeci-Halkalı line.

1956.02.05 Packs of wolves came down to Yeşilköy and Mecidiyeköy, the people of Istanbul had to go without food for a while.

1956.03.01 The governorate and municipality were separated.

1956.03.09 Ali Sami Yen Stadium was allocated to Galatasaray Club.

1956.06.03 The signalization system was adopted for Sirkeci-Halkalı suburban tramways.

1956.07.23 The President of Pakistan, Iskender Mirza, came to Istanbul.

1956.08.06 King Idris I of Libya came to Istanbul.

1956.09.27 Türkay Match Factory was opened in Istinye.

1957 The movie Estambul, directed by Joseph Pevney, casting Errol Flynn, Cornell Borchers and John Bentley, was filmed in Istanbul.

1957.05.09 President Theodor Heuss of West Germany and President Celal Bayar met in Şale Pavilion.

1957.05.21 The School of Divers was opened in Çubuklu.

1957.06.21 The district of Zeytinburnu was established.

1957.07.12 Kemal Hadımlı was assigned mayor by proxy.

1957.09.16 Ataköy settlement area, consisting of 12,000 dwellings, was established.

1957.10.20 A train accident that happened between Ispartakule and Yarımburgaz cost 99 lives.

1958.05.14 Ethem Yetkiner became governor and mayor.

1958.05.29 Restored Rumelihisarı was inaugurated with a ceremony.

1958.05.31 The first section of Haydarpaşa Port Facilities was put into service.

1958.06.08 300,000 people joined the Rally for Cyprus in Beyazıt Square.

1958.07.11 The Governorate and Municipality, which had been joined since 1930, were separated. Ethem Yetkiner kept his post as governor while Kemal Aygün was assigned mayor.

1958.07.14 Istanbul hosted the Baghdad Pact Meeting, which lasted four days.

1958.08.04 Egg-sized hail caused damage and injuries.

1958.10.30 Vatan and Millet Boulevards were opened.

1959.01.06 38 people died in an explosion at Neyyir Inn on Ankara Street.

1959.01.24 37 people died and many were injured due to the collapse of Neşe Movie Theater in Küçükyalı.

1959.02.17 Sirkeci-Kadıköy ferryboat was put into service.

1959.05.04 CHP leader Ismet Inönü was attacked by a group of 10 to 15 people.

1959.11.19 The Istanbul High Islamic Institute was opened.

1960.01.16 Samatya SSK Hospital was opened.

1960.03.19 Istanbul State Opera and Ballet was founded.

1960.04.08 Muddy rain lasted ten hours.

1960.04.28 Marchial law was proclaimed in Istanbul, universities were closed for a month.

1960.05.02 NATO Council of Ministers had a three-day gathering in Istanbul.

1960.05.26 City Hall, whose foundations were laid seven years ago, was opened to service.

1960.05.27 General Refik Tulga became mayor and governor.

1960.08.15 Dolmabahçe Gasworks stopped production.

1960.10.14 The Social Democratic Party executives’ trials began in Yassıada.

1960.10.23 The population of Istanbul was determined to be 1,465,535.

1960.12.14 61 people died in the collision of Greek and Yugoslavian tankers that took place between Kanlıca and Tokmakburnu. Tarsus Tanker was also burned in a fire that lasted 52 days, killing 3 Turks.

1961.03.30 94 police stations were reduced to 33.

1961.04.30 16 people died in a train accident in Kartal.

1961.05.27 The first trolley buses came into service on the Eminönü-Topkapı line.

1961.06.24 Istanbul Petrolium Refineries Corporation (IPRAŞ) started production.

1961.07.01 Pendik-Tuzla train route was made into a double track.

1961.08.12 The tramway lines were removed from the European Side.

1961.12.22 A flying object spotted between Haliç and Kâğıthane caused excitement.

1961.12.24 Tevfik Fikret’s tomb was transferred to Aşiyan from Eyüp.

1962 Paşabahçe SSK Hospital was opened.

1962.01.01 Sümerbank Yıldız Porcelain Industry started production. When Sümer Holding was privatized in 1994, the factory was transferred to the TGNA Department of National Palaces.

1962.01.09 A fire broke out in Atatürk Museum.

1962.02.27 Turan Ertuğ became mayor.

1962.03.06 Niyazi Akı was assigned Governor of Istanbul.

1962.03.17 Kamuran Görgün became mayor.

1962.05.27 Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center was founded.

1962.06.02 A beauty contest for dogs was organized.

1962.06.08 Kadri Ilkay was assigned mayor by proxy.

1962.08.31 Hırka-i Saadet (Sacred Relics) section at Topkapı Palace was opened to the public.

1963 The James Bond movie From Russia with Love, directed by Terence Young and casting Sean Connery, was mostly filmed in Istanbul.

1963.02.28 Necdet Uğur became mayor.

1963.07.20 Tuzla-Gebze train route was made a double track.

1963.08.27 The district of Gaziosmanpaşa was founded.

1963.09.18 Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake, one person died.

1963.10.06 The US President’s wife, Jacqueline Kennedy, came to Istanbul.

1963.12.05 Television programs started to be made in Maçka studio.

1963.12.05 Istanbul Technical University started broadcasting from Maçka Studio.

1963.12.10 Haşim İşcan, the first elected mayor, took office.

1964 Istanbul Radio was joined to TRT.

1964.07.20 The Shah of Iran Rıza Pehlevi, the President of Pakistan Eyüp Han and President Cemal Gürsel had talks in Istanbul.

1964.08.14 Captain Cengiz Topel, martyred in Cyprus, was buried in Edirnekapı Martyres’ Cemetery.

1964.08.21 167 shops and 25 residences were burnt to the ground in Kuledibi.

1964.09.16 7,200 people of Greek origin were deported.

1964.12.20 Ali Sami Yen Stadium was opened with a match between Turkey and Bulgaria.

1964.12.30 Karaköy tunnel was opened.

1965.06.23 The enforcement of the Property Ownership Law began, changing the visage of Istanbul.

1965.09.28 Maiden’s Tower was handed over to the Ministry of Defense.

1965.10.21 Hakkı Tarık Us Library was put into service.

1965.10.24 According to the population census, Istanbul’s population was 1,742,978.

1965.12.24 14 workers died in the explosion at Kayacan Glass Factory in Kâğıthane.

1966 Şişli SSK Hospital was opened.

1966.01.18 Vefa Poyraz was assigned Governor of Istanbul.

1966.05.09 Sirkeci-Kadıköy ferryboat route stopped operating and the Sirkeci-Harem route was put into service.

1966.07.03 13 people died in a collision between two motorboats in the Bosphorus.

1966.09.08 One sergeant and five privates could not be found after an explosion and the sinking of two patrol boats anchored in Beykoz.

1966.11 Istinye-Paşabahçe ferryboat route was opened.

1966.11.14 Tramways did their last rounds on the Anatolian side.

1966.11.18 A Romanian flagged tanker caused the fishing boat Bereket to sink, killing seven people.

1966.12.19 The first Turkish car Anadol was manufactured and launched to the market by Koç Group.

1967 The Museum of Turkish Calligraphy Art was opened in Sultan Selim Madrasa.

1967.05.13 The Museum of Turkish Construction and Art Objects was opened in Amcazade Hüseyin Pasha Madrasa.

1967.06.24 There were protests against the arrival of the Sixth Fleet to Istanbul.

1967.07.27 The Medical Faculty of Istanbul University was divided into two: Istanbul (Çapa) Medical Faculty and Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty.

1968 The trolley bus named Tosun, which was manufactured by İETT employees, was put into service.

1968-1973 Ömerli Dam was built.

1968.01.14 Büyükçekmece Lake froze.

1968.03.07 Haşim İşcan forbade officers from wearing mini skirts at the office.

1968.03.12 Faruk Ilgaz was assigned mayor by proxy.

1968.06.08 Fahri Atabey became mayor.

1968.07.15 The visit of the Sixth Fleet of the US navy was protested by the students of Istanbul Technical University

1968.10.26 President Charles de Gaulle of France came to Istanbul.

1969.01.26 Sağmalcılar Prison started operating.

1969.02.16 Two young people died in the protests against US Sixth Fleet; the day made history as “Bloody Sunday”.

1969.04.12 Istanbul Culture Palace (AKM) was opened.

1969.05.29 Electric trains started operating on Haydarpaşa-Gebze suburban train route.

1970 The International Association of Anatolian and Thracian Bus Drivers was founded.

1970 The first bus terminal of Istanbul came into service in Harem.

1970 50 people of 500 who had cholera, died of the disease in Esenler and Sağmalcılar.

1970.02.20 The foundation of Bosphorus Bridge was laid in Beylerbeyi.

1970.03.06 With TRT beginning TV broadcasts, ITU stopped broadcasting.

1970.04.17 Tepebaşı Drama Theater was burned.

1970.10.20 Foreign vessels were prevented coming to Istanbul due to cholera.

1970.10.25 According to the Ninth General Population Census, Istanbul had a population of 2,132,047.

1970.11.27 Istanbul Culture Palace (Atatürk Cultural Center) burned.

1971.01.07 All the spring water resources except Taşdelen and Çırçır were closed.

1971.02.14 Okmeydanı SSK Hospital was opened.

1971.04.02 The Turkish Industry and Business Association was established.

1971.05.22 The body of Israel’s Consul General Elrom, who had been kidnapped, was found.

1971.07 Anadolu Bus Terminal was put into service.

1971.08.30 TRT Istanbul Television started to use İTÜ transmitter for broadcasts.

1971.09.07 Topkapı Palace Harem division was opened for visits.

1971.09.09 Boğaziçi University was founded.

1971.11.02 The tunnel that was kept closed for three years, was re-opened for use after renovation.

1971.11.16 Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selasiye came to Istanbul.

1972 Alibeyköy Dam was built.

1972 Istanbul State Symphony Orchestrate was founded.

1972.01.15 Sarıyer Courthouse in Yeniköy was burned.

1972.03.05 Marmara ship burned and sank in the Haliç.

1972.06.04 SSK Göztepe Hospital was put into service.

1972.08.30 The television transmitter in Çamlıca started operating.

1972.12.15 The Istanbul Revenue Office building burned.

1972.12.30 A TV tower and transmitter station were opened in Çamlıca.

1973.02.13 A fire broke out at the Mint building.

1973.07.10 Eight people died in the fire at an eyeglass factory at Bakırköy.

1973.09.13 89 concrete piles were drilled into the ground of Ortaköy Mosque in order to strengthen the ground and save the mosque from sliding into the sea.

1973.10.29 Bosphorus Bridge was opened.

1973.10.31 Aksaray Underground Bazaar was opened.

1974.09.10 The third bridge at the Golden Horn, called The Bridge of Haliç, was opened.

1974.09.11 Bosphorus Bridge was opened to pedestrians.

1975.01.24 Istanbul University was closed indefinitely because of incidents. Education re-started three days later.

1975.09.24 10 factories in Kazlıçeşme burned.

1975.10.26 According to the census, the population of Istanbul was 2,547,364.

1975.11.15 The State Chorus of Classical Turkish Music was founded.

1975.12.24 Three people died in a fire that lasted four days in Aksaray Underground Bazaar.

1975.12.26 4,000 shops burned in Gürün, Katırcıoğlu, Diri, Kenderos, Sokollu and Bahtiyar Inns at Sultanhamam.

1975.12.27 Galata Dervish Lodge was opened for visits as the Museum of Divan Literature.

1976.03.20 Orient Express came to Istanbul.

1976.04.02 Boğaziçi University was closed indefinitely because of the incidents.

1976.05.13 An inn burned down and another one partially burned in the Grand Bazaar.

1976.10.02 Muhammed Ali Clay came to Istanbul.

1976.10.27 Full automatic phone calls from Istanbul to Ankara and Izmir were made possible.

1977.01.03 Halil Pasha Residence in Beylerbeyi burned down.

1977.05.01 37 people died in incidents at Taksim Square.

1977.08.04 1 mosque, 19 houses, 3 warehouses, 1 bank burned down; 3 factories and 1 storehouse partially burned in a fire that broke out at Fener.

1977.09.02 5 people died in a conflict arising from demolition of slums at 1 May Street in Ümraniye.

1977.10.27 Yusuf İzzettin Paşa Mansion burned.

1977.12.01 Bosphorus Bridge was closed to pedestrian traffic due to the increased incidence of suicides.

1977.12.28 Sultanahmet Faculty of Economics and Commercial Sciences burned down.

1978 Istanbul State Theater was founded and Can Gürzap was assigned as its director.

1978 The Foundation of Turkish Literature was established.

1978.03.16 Seven students at Istanbul Univesity died in a bomb attack.

1978.05.10 Çiçek Pasajı burned and collapsed, killing 7 people.

1978.06.15 A public bus plunged into the sea at Tarabya, killing 31 people.

1978.08.19 Chora Museum was robbed.

1978.09.28 The foundations of Büyükçekmece Dam were laid.

1978.10.06 Atatürk Cultural Center was re-opened after reparation.

1978.10.20 The dean of İTÜ Faculty of Electric and Electronics Engineering Ord. Prof. Dr. Bedri Karafakioğlu was killed.

1979 İbrahim Hakkı Konyalı Foundation Library and Archives were opened.

1979.02.01 Milliyet Newspaper’s Editorial Director and Lead Author Abdi İpekçi was killed.

1979.03.07 The Union of Istanbul Municipalities was founded.

1979.04.01 The First Traditional Eurasia Marathon was held.

1979.04.13 Carpet Museum was opened at Sultanahmet Mosque Hünkâr Pavilion.

1979.10.03 Savarona yacht burned in Heybeliada.

1979.10.10 Thirty Ikarus buses were brought from Hungary and put into service.

1979.11.15 The Romanian flagged Independenta Tanker and Greek flagged dry cargo ship Evriyali collided at 800 m distance from Haydarpaşa Port, causing 43 of the crew to die in the consequent fire and marine pollution.

1979.11.19 The head of the Associations for the Fight Against Communism and Lead Author of Ortadoğu newspaper, İlhan Darendelioğlu, was killed.

1979.11.20 Prof. Dr. Ümit Yaşar Doğanay was killed.

1979.12.07 Prof. Dr. Cavit Orhan Tütengil was killed.

1980 The Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) was founded as a cultural subdivision of Organization of Islamic Conference.

1980.03.10 6 people died in a shooting that took place in a passageway in Mecidiyeköy.

1980.04.04 The new Lead Author of Ortadoğu newspaper Ismail Gerçeksöz was killed.

1980.04.11 Author and radio programmer Ümit Kaftancıoğlu was killed.

1980.07.15 Abdurrahman Köksaloğlu, a congressman of Istanbul, was killed in Şişli.

1980.07.19 One of the former PMs, Nihat Erim, was killed in Kartal-Dragos with his police guard.

1980.07.22 DİSK General Director Kemal Türkler was killed.

1980.09.12 Ismail Hakkı Akansel was assigned mayor by coup d’etat administration.

1980.10.12 According to the census, the population of Istanbul was 2,772,708.

1980.10.14 Sadberk Hanım Museum was opened as the first private museum of Turkey.

1981 TRT Facilities in Ortaköy, which are still in use, were opened for Istanbul Television.

1981.02.06 Deputy Manager of the Police Organization, Mahmut Diker, was killed.

1981.04.24 Atatürk Library opened to the public in Taksim.

1981.05.24 Zeynebiye Mosque of the Jafaris in Halkalı was opened for use.

1981.11.23 Istanbul Water and Sewage Administration (İSKİ) was founded.

1982 Kandilli Observatory became affiliated to Boğaziçi University. It has served as Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute since March 28, 1983.

1982.03 Payphones started to be used.

1982.04.25 The Museum of Rugs and Flat Weaving Cloths was opened at the elephant barns under the Sultanahmet Museum.

1982.05.22 The First Istanbul Symposium was held in order to discuss Istanbul’s problems.

1982.07.12 The International Istanbul Film Festival started.

1982.07.20 Marmara and Mimar Sinan Universities were founded.

1982.09.01 Istanbul hosted the 18th Congress of the International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISCARP).

1982.09.19 Fenerbahçe Stadium was renewed and came into service.

1982.09.24 Abdullah Tırtıl was assigned mayor.

1982.11.13 The first TÜYAP Book Fair was held.

1982.11.25 The use of bottled gas at entertainment venues was forbidden.

1983.05.07 36 people, most of whom were tourists, lost their lives in a fire at Washington Hotel in Laleli.

1983.05.22 The Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum was opened.

1983.07.01 Taximeters started to be used in taxis.

1983.11.22 Bosphorus Law came into enforcement.

1984.03.08 Istanbul was granted “metropolitan” status.

1984.05.05 10 people died in a fire in Süleymaniye.

1984.06.23 The foundations of Büyükçekmece Dam were laid for the second time.

1984.07.16 Trolley buses were removed from the streets.

1984.10.28 The Museum of Turkish Calligraphic Art was transferred to Beyazıt Madrasa and renamed the Turkish Foundation Calligraphy Museum of Istanbul.

1984.12 The digital (numerical) system started to be used for the first time in telephones.

1984.12.03 Profit sharing certificates of Bosphorus Bridge were put up for sale.

1984.12.04 250 shops were burned down in a fire that took place in the clothiers’ street in Topkapı.

1985.07.29 Yeşilköy Airport was renamed Atatürk International Airport.

1985.10.22 According to the census, the population of Istanbul was 5,475,982.

1985.11.22 Istavroz Prairie in Üsküdar was renamed Beylerbeyi Prairie.

1985.12.26 The Istanbul Stock Exchange Market (İMKB) was established.

1986.03.07 Adile Sultan Palace in Kandilli burned down.

1986.06.22 The foundations of a light rail system were laid.

1986.07.24 The collision of two suburban trains cost 9 lives at İdealtepe station.

1986.09.06 25 people died in an attack that took place in Neve Şalom Synagogue.

1986.10.06 TRT-2 started broadcasting, which was compatible with the infrastructure of Istanbul Television.

1987.02.07 Şan Movie Theater (Egemen Bostancı Show Center) burned down.

1987.03.05 The most intense snowfall of the past 42 years occurred.

1987.04.06 Istanbul Transportation and Commerce Corp. was established.

1987.05.17 Feminists organized a “Stop Beating” rally in Kadıköy.

1987.05.29 Sea buses started operating between Bostancı and Kabataş.

1987.06.19 The district of Küçükçekmece was established (it was put into service de facto and a ceremony was held on July 15, 1988).

1987.07.04 The districts of Büyükçekmece, Kâğıthane, Pendik and Ümraniye were established. The Phone Company was divided into two, the Istanbul side and Anatolian side.

1987.08.25 The Mosaic Museum was re-opened for visits after restoration.

1988 Büyükçekmece Dam was opened.

1988.02.18 The name of the Istanbul Sports and Exhibition Palace was changed to Lütfi Kırdar.

1988.05.22 Tanju Çolak of Galatasaray broke Metin Oktay’s record by scoring 39 goals.

1988.07.03 Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge was opened.

1988.09.02 Istanbul Transportation and Commerce Corp. was renamed Istanbul Sea Buses Industry and Trade Corp. (İDO).

1988.09.04 A natural gas plant, which was built in Ambarlı, started production.

1988.12.03 The Center for Islamic Studies was founded in order to carry out scientific research, raise researchers, form a research library and documentation unit.

1989 Turkish immigrants, who had been deported by Bulgaria, arrived.

1989.01.18 The Esenler extension station for light metro came into service.

1989.03.03 13 people died in a fire that took place in a dye factory in 4. Levent.

1989.03.04 Tarlabaşı Boulevard was inaugurated with a ceremony.

1989.03.11 Fast tramways started operating between Aksaray and Ferhatpaşa.

1989.03.14 Istanbul Municipality Concert Hall (CRR) was opened in Harbiye.

1989.03.28 Nurettin Sözen was elected to the position of metropolitan mayor.

1989.06.04 Bulgarian cruelty was criticized in Taksim.

1989.08.20 Darlık Dam was inaugurated in a ceremony.

1989.09.03 A light metro started operating between Aksaray and Kartaltepe.

1989.11.14 The author Kamil Başaran was killed in a raid conducted at Gazete newspaper.

1990.03.07 The journalist Çetin Emeç and his driver Sinan Ercan were killed.

1990.04.14 The first Library of Women’s Works was opened in Turkey.

1990.05.20 The district of Bayrampaşa was established.

1990.09.17 The tombs of Adnan Menderes, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan were transferred from Imralı Island to the Mausoleum in Topkapı.

1990.10.21 The population of Istanbul was calculated to be 6,620,240.

1990.11.28 The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Sports Club was founded.

1990.12 Istanbul and Turkey’s connection to the rest of the world was achieved via EMOS 1, which was the first fiber optic connection.

1990.12.29 A nostalgic tramway started operating between Taksim and Tunnel.

1991.04.09 34 Greek tourists died in Şehzadebaşı when their bus was set on fire by an attacker, which also killed the attacker.

1991.08.25 Five Turks died as a result of the collision between an Italian tanker and Turkish ship in the Bosphorus.

1991.08.26 İstinye Shipyard was closed.

1991.09.30 The foundations of the Metro were laid.

1991.10.22 Kadıköy Metropolitan Bishop Batolomeos was elected as the Greek Orthodox Patriarch.

1991.12.25 11 people died in a terrorist attack that took place at Çetinkaya Store in Bakırköy.

1992 Yeşilvadi Water Diversion Facility started operating.

1992 Docks for sea buses started to be used in Kartal and Kadıköy.

1992.01.15 Cable TV started to be used in Istanbul.

1992.01.22 Natural gas started to be used in houses.

1992.02.06 The General Attorney of the Istanbul State Security Court, Yaşar Günaydın, and his driver were killed.

1992.04 The History Foundation’s quarterly magazine İstanbul started to be published.

1992.05.02 Five policemen were killed with gunfire in Şişli.

1992.05.16 Galata Bridge burned down.

1992.06.03 The districts of Avcılar, Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Güngören, Maltepe, Sultanbeyli and Tuzla were established.